tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39635349245895758642024-02-07T21:19:53.885-08:00Aging Gracelady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.comBlogger104125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-24130832591754132492016-06-27T15:24:00.001-07:002016-06-27T15:26:06.512-07:00JESSE WILLIAMS’ BET SPEECH<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">“This
award, this is not for me. This is for the real organizers all over the
country. The activists, the civil rights attorneys, the struggling parents, the
families, the teachers, the students, <b>that are realizing that a system built to
divide and impoverish and destroy us cannot stand if we do.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";"> </span>
<br />
<div class="story-body-text" data-para-count="312" data-total-count="3335" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">All
right? It’s kind of basic mathematics:, the more we learn about who we are and
how we got here, the more we will mobilize. Now this is also in particular for
the black women, in particular, who have spent their lifetimes dedicated to
nurturing everyone before themselves. We can and will do better for you.</span></div>
<div class="story-body-text" data-para-count="294" data-total-count="3629" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Now,
what we’ve been doing is looking at the data and we know that police somehow
manage to de-escalate, disarm and not kill white people every day. So what’s
going to happen is we are going to have equal rights and justice in our own
country or we will restructure their function and ours.</span></div>
<div class="story-body-text" data-para-count="485" data-total-count="4114" id="story-continues-2" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Now — I’ve got more, y’all. Yesterday
would’ve been young Tamir Rice’s 14th birthday, so I don’t want to hear anymore
about how far we’ve come when paid public servants can pull a drive-by on a
12-year-old playing alone in a park in broad daylight, killing him on
television and then going home to make a sandwich. Tell Rekia Boyd how it’s so
much better to live in 2012 than 1612 or 1712. Tell that to Eric Garner. Tell that
to Sandra Bland. Tell that to Darrien Hunt.</span></div>
<div class="story-body-text" data-para-count="319" data-total-count="4433" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Now
the thing is though, all of us in here getting money, that alone isn’t going to
stop this. All right? Now dedicating our lives to get money just to give it
right back for someone’s brand on our body, when we spent centuries praying
with brands on our bodies and now we pray to get paid for brands on our bodies.</span></div>
<div class="story-body-text" data-para-count="365" data-total-count="4798" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">There
has been no war that we have not fought and died on the front lines of. There
has been no job we haven’t done, there’s been no tax they haven’t levied
against us, and we’ve paid all of them. But freedom is somehow always
conditional here. “You’re free,” they keep telling us. But she would’ve been
alive if she hadn’t acted so… “free.”</span></div>
<div class="story-body-text" data-para-count="552" data-total-count="5350" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Now,
freedom is always coming in the hereafter. But, you know what though? The
hereafter is a hustle. We want it now. And let’s get a couple of things
straight, just a little side note: The burden of the brutalized is not to
comfort the bystander. That’s not our job, all right, stop with all that. If
you have a critique for the resistance, for our resistance, then you better
have an established record of critique of our oppression. If you have no
interest in equal rights for black people then do not make suggestions to those
who do. Sit down.</span></div>
<div class="story-body-text" data-node-uid="1" data-para-count="574" data-total-count="5924" style="font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; max-width: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">We’ve been floating this country on
credit for centuries, yo, and we’re done watching and waiting while this
invention called whiteness uses and abuses us, burying black people out of
sight and out of mind, while extracting our culture, our dollars, our
entertainment like oil, black gold. Ghettoizing and demeaning our creations
then stealing them, gentrifying our genius and then trying us on like costumes
before discarding our bodies like rinds of strange fruit. The thing is, though,
the thing is that just because we’re magic, doesn’t mean we’re not real.”</span></div>
<div align="right" class="story-body-text" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 56.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Jesse Williams</span></b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">, receiving the BET Humanitarian Award,
2016</span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></span></b></span><h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</h3>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">For many years I have been watching the film industry and other media
insidiously manipulate the images and angles through which African Americans
are viewed. This manipulation has been going on so long and been so consistent
and pervasive I could write a book about it, but Donald Bogle already did.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <i>Toms,
Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in
American Films</i> is a popular book originally published in 1973. It is
currently in its fourth edition, updated to include the entire twentieth
century. Mr. Bogle will need more updates as the pattern continues into the
twenty-first century.
</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It did not
surprise me that Academy Award nominations were rained on <i>Precious, </i>the 2009 movie about a </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">black family that is </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">seriously dysfunctional.<i> </i>That kind of focus is in keeping with<i>
</i>the Academy’s history of honoring particular types of roles played by black
actors. Among the more than 300 Oscars handed out since 1927, fewer than twenty
have gone to black people. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The winning roles for black actors have largely been
when they played characters that conform to conventional white expectations for
African Americans—servants, slaves, musicians/athletes, or people who were
corrupt and/or cruel. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The black actors who have received Academy Awards for
both leading or supporting roles are: Hattie McDaniel (a maid in <i>Gone</i> <i>With
the Wind,</i> 1940), Sidney Poitier (a handyman in <i>Lilies of the Field,</i> 1964), Denzel Washington (a slave in <i>Glory,</i> 1990), Whoopi Goldberg (a
dishonest psychic in <i>Ghost,</i> 1991), Cuba
Gooding Jr. (a boxer in <i>Jerry Maguire,</i>
1997) Halle Berry (a waitress in <i>Monster’s
Ball,</i> 2002), Jamie Foxx (the singer Ray Charles in <i>Ray,</i> 2005), Morgan Freeman (a former boxer in <i>Million Dollar Baby,</i> 2005), Jennifer Hudson (a singer in <i>Dreamgirls,</i> 2007) and Mo'Nique (a brutal
and abusive mother in <i>Precious, </i>2010).
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 2012, the
Academy returned to where it began with McDaniel, awarding an Oscar to Octavia
Spencer for her role as a maid in <i>The
Help.</i> In 2013 two movies about American slavery—<i>Lincoln</i> and <i>Django Unchained</i>—received lots of attention. Both included black actors; however neither of the
award winners for these movies was black. (Jamie Foxx was not the right kind of
slave.) There was another slave movie released in time to be considered for the
2014 awards, <i>Twelve Years a Slave</i>. That movie excited the country so much, they totally forgot about </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Fruitvale Station, </i></span></span>the movie they were marveling about earlier in the year. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In my opinion, and I
wasn’t alone in this, <i>Fruitvale Station</i>
was an excellent movie that dealt directly with contemporary issues. And that,
no doubt, was its undoing. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Why focus on a movie that makes people squirm when
you have a perfectly good "black" movie set in the distant past that reassures us all
that we’ve made such great progress. <i>Twelve
Years a Slave</i> wowed the Academy and received the 2014 Best Picture award.
Steve McQueen, the black director, apparently was not so impressive. He
managed to direct the Best Picture, but he was not the Best Director. Lupita
Nyong’o received an award for Best Supporting Actor in
her role as, <i>surprise!</i> a slave.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The dubious
exceptions that prove this insidious rule are Louis Gossett (<i>An Officer and a Gentleman, </i>1983) and
Forest Whitaker (<i>The Last King of
Scotland,</i> 2007), who won Oscars as strong military men, though both
characters were stern and pitiless. In the same year <i>Precious</i> was released, Morgan Freeman starred in <i>Invictus</i> as
Nelson Mandela, one of the most inspirational figures of our time. Although Freeman
was nominated, I was certain that a role depicting a black man as a shrewd, resourceful,
inspiring leader would not receive an Oscar. I was right.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">By celebrating
only roles that are subservient, cruel, demeaning and/or within an “acceptable”
profession, Hollywood's majority reinforces America’s assumption of white
dominance.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The case of Denzel Washington is a stark illustration of this
practice. Washington is one of the most talented actors ever; he <i>became </i>Malcolm
X and Rubin “Hurricane” Carter in the title roles of two films about complex
and <i>empowered</i> black men—<i>Malcolm X</i> (1992) and <i>Hurricane </i>(1999). The Academy Award voters didn't find either of those to
be winning performances. In 2002 when Washington finally received an Oscar as
best actor in a <i>leading</i> role, it was for <i>Training Day</i>, a film in which he played a brutal
and crooked cop. That was a role he could be honored
for. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/03/oscar-voters-94-white-76-men-and-an-average-of-63-years-old/284163/" target="_blank"><b>Academy voters</b> </a>for Oscar winners are
94% white and 74% male, and their average age is sixty-three. I expect this
trend to continue.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">And it is. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Excerpted from "The Viewers Involvement<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">" in the essay collection, <i>Not All Poor People Are Black </i>by Janet Cheatham Bell.</span> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" target="_blank"></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://squareup.com/market/janet-c-bell" target="_blank">Purchase Not All Poor People Are Black here.</a></span></div>
<br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-77312280032905169352015-12-19T12:35:00.001-08:002015-12-19T16:48:38.982-08:00#WhitesAgainstTrump: Is Silence Consent?<h4>
<span style="font-size: large;"> Answering and asking some questions.</span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></h4>
<span style="font-size: large;">I do not blame good, well-intentioned people who think of themselves as White for not wanting to be identified with, and/or responsible for those who take pride in the "supremacy" of those with white skin, like the KKK, Nazis, </span><span style="font-size: large;">Donald Trump and those who </span><span style="font-size: large;">support him.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>However, if all Muslims are held responsible for terrorism in the name of Islam, all Mexicans are rapists and all Blacks are criminal suspects because some are, why shouldn't all Whites be considered xenophobic white supremacists? </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">I know. It's uncomfortable. There's something really queasy about being assigned to a group based on something as superficial as your skin color.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"> <i>Wait a minute, doesn't that put Whites on the same level as Hispanics, Blacks and Muslims? </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>I'm sure that's okay with you. After all this is America and we are all equal, right? </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Besides, aren't we trying to get away from racial, religious and ethnic labeling?</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Absolutely, we want to get away from that kind of labeling, but for now and for the past 238 years this is how we Americans have learned to identify and categorize people. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">To verify this, read the U.S. Constitution and its several amendments. In this document that lays out and defines who and what this country is/wants to be, Blacks are described as <a href="http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_slav.html" target="_blank">3/5 of a person</a>. The very <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-indian-citizenship-act" target="_blank">last racial/ethnic group to be afforded the right to vote</a>--AFTER white men with no property; AFTER black men, and AFTER women--were the Nations occupying this land before Europeans decided they should have it.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">If you know your history, you know that labeling and categorizing people by religion and ethnicity/race is WHO WE ARE. A variety of groups--Irish, Italians, Eastern Europeans, Jews--had periods of being outcasts before they were ushered into the privileges of being White. Some sped up their entry into whiteness by abandoning
their heritage and Anglicizing their names. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>If all of us "obvious ethnics" are held to account for whatever someone does who looks/believes like us, don't you wonder why all Whites are not accountable for the continuing massacres by white American terrorists and the bile being spewed by Donald Trump? </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">There are Whites who believe they should be accountable. Whites who don't want to be mistaken for white supremacists or assumed to agree with Trump. Their organizations </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.showingupforracialjustice.org/" target="_blank">Showing Up for Racial Justice</a> (SURJ), the <a href="http://www.whiteprivilegeconference.com/wpc.html" target="_blank">White Privilege Conference</a> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">and</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"> the older <a href="https://www.aclu.org/" target="_blank">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) oppose racism and the injustices that come from labeling and blaming groups of people for the behavior of a few. Silence on this defining issue appears as consent.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Where do you stand? </span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-63149531539403471692015-10-05T09:15:00.000-07:002015-10-05T09:15:20.903-07:00THE WAR ON RAPE BEGINS WITH US<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">BREAKING THE SILENCE AND USING OUR ENERGY</span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">IN THE DIRECTION OF TRUTH AND LOVE FOR OURSELVES </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">by Janet Cheatham Bell </span></span></h3>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The night after I read "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/13/magazine/the-return-of-the-sex-wars.html" target="_blank">Reframing the Victim</a>," an article in the September 13, 2015 <i>New York Times Magazine</i>, I woke suddenly from a sound sleep with the realization that I had been raped.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">For years I had been smug about the fact that, although a couple of guys had tried to force me to have sex while we were on a date, I had successfully fought them off. I was also proud that one night when I was visiting another country, a man </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">who lived there and whom </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I barely knew, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">maneuvered himself into giving me a ride, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">without my traveling companions, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">back to where we were staying. On the way he got "lost," which meant we "had to spend the night in a hotel." I was a woman in my thirties so I knew what </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">his end game was. Whether he</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> sought to seduce me, or intended to use force, I was ready when he approached me. I lied that I had a really nasty American venereal disease that I didn't want to spread in his country. He backed away </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">immediately </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">and didn't try to touch me again. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The next morning h</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">e drove quickly and directly to where my friends were waiting.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">When I was reunited with them, they asked, "How did you get out of that?" My two friends and I were women who had learned not only to take care of ourselves, but also to make our own way in a world that overwhelmingly advantaged men. A world where we expected most men to make some attempt--whether feeble or forceful--to have sex with us, no matter whether we had known them for years or minutes. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Counting these victories as part of my </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">experiences</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">, I was rather pleased with myself for not ever having been through the horror of rape. Reading that article, however, unlocked a carefully hidden memory. It wasn't really that I had forgotten the rape, I had simply refused to </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">acknowledge</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> or</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> speak of</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> it. Being a </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">"rape </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">victim" did not fit my image. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Once I came of age, and by that I mean, once I figured out that I was capable of shaping my own life, I have preferred to see and present myself as a person with personal power. This was a departure from </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">the first 25 years or so of my life when I believed I had no ability to determine how I lived. I liberated myself by deciding what other people expected of me was <i>not how I had to be</i>. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">In my childhood I was being prepared for a lifestyle dictated by my race and gender. Making this matter worse, I grew up at a time when sexuality and sensuality were</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> only vaguely alluded</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> to and never spoken of</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> openly</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">. Even married couples could not be shown in bed together on </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">television </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">because that could imply intimacy or sexual activity. I was told not to touch my own genitals, called "private parts." When I began menstruating this rule was suddenly and uncomfortably reversed. A new rule was introduced to never "fool around with boys." Whatever that meant. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Eventually, my hormones demanded that I "fool around with boys" and, unsurprisingly in my ignorance, I got pregnant. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I barely had any idea how women conceived, and </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">knew absolutely nothing about contraception; not sure I'd ever heard the word. (This was before The Pill.) I was certain about one thing, however; I wasn't ready to be a mom. A couple of friends had already become parents and their lives had </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">no appeal for me. (This story is covered in detail in "Choosing a Life in the Dark Age" an essay in my collection, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Not-All-Poor-People-Black/dp/0961664975/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443583582&sr=1-1&keywords=not+all+poor+people+are+black" target="_blank"><i>Not All Poor People Are Black</i>.) </a></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This was long before <i>Roe v. Wade</i>, so my abortion</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> was illegal. O</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">ur</span> family doctor, who confirmed that I was indeed pregnant, helpfully gave me the name of a competent abortionist and promised to take care of me afterward to be sure it went well. He even made a house call a few days after the abortion was completed. After I had healed, I went to him for a final exam. When he finished the vaginal exam and while I was still on the examining table with my feet up in stirrups, he raped me. Without a word, he slid </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">his penis inside me.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> I couldn't believe it! What in the world was going on? I was all but naked, legs spread wide and the man who had been my family's physician for years was sticking his penis in me. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I didn't know what to do; but, like so many women, I decided it was somehow my fault.</span></span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">It was because I was now a "fallen woman" that he felt free to stick his penis in me. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I thought: if I hadn't had an abortion, he wouldn't have dared do this. I was so confused and ashamed for bringing this on myself that I started crying. He seemed surprised and asked why I was crying. I didn't have words to respond. I knew what he was doing was wrong, but I didn't try to get up or tell him to stop. Who was I to defy our <i>doctor</i>!?</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Either my tears unnerved him or he had finished what he set out to do, because he stopped, told me to get dressed, and left the room. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">When this memory came rushing into my consciousness, I was furious, livid! I wanted to confront him and backhand his face as hard as I could! My fury was thwarted because I couldn't find him on Google. (He's probably dead because he raped me nearly 60 years ago, and he was probably 20 years older than I was at the time.) </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">When he raped me, I felt helpless because I had surrendered</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">to the belief that women had no strength. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">That I lived at the mercy of those who were in charge. I also knew that in American society physicians were/are considered to have unquestioned knowledge and power, especially over our bodies. I accepted the rape as my shame and</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> did the only reasonable thing: shoved that shame into the box of sexual-things-that-are-never-to-be-mentioned, along with my abortion, and buried it as </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">deeply as I could.</span></span><br />
<a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Several years later, after receiving my degree and a divorce the same month, I began to reinvent myself by doing what I wanted. I determined not to allow anyone else to define, limit or take advantage of me. I would decide who I was and what I wanted to do. In other words, I began to <a href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/four-agreements-don-miguel-ruiz/1100993587?ean=9781878424310" target="_blank">"use my energy in the direction of truth and love for myself."</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I have learned much during this</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> process of self-discovery that continues to this day, some fifty years later. My most important lesson is that each one of us has to <u>claim</u> her/his own power. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Encouraging women to believe they have no ability or responsibility to <u>make their own choices</u>
leads to demands for policies that say if two drunk college
students have sexual intercourse, the male student is guilty of rape because
the <u>female</u> <u>doesn't have the capacity</u> to give consent. How does this policy work if both drunk students are the same gender? Or what if one student was a transgendered woman who had formerly been a man? Would she still be considered incapable of taking responsibility for herself? </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Fortunately, there is a bright light at the end of this very long tunnel of society's approval/denial of our rape culture. The tacit support of "boys will be boys" and the blaming of women for "enticing" boys by </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">universities and colleges are finally coming to an end. Why? Because young women have ended their silence and are using their power in the direction of truth and love for themselves. To see how, view <a href="http://www.ithappenedhere.org/" target="_blank"><i>It Happened Here</i></a>, a new documentary about </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">rape on college </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">campuses.The war is on!</span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">NEXT TIME: More Sex Talk</span></span></span></span></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span> </span></span><br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-88461232165393373432015-09-28T12:29:00.000-07:002015-09-28T12:29:20.903-07:00Blacks on Television<h2>
<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">I was there at the beginning </span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>
<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">With a fresh television season now going, I feel it's incumbent on me to provide a little background for those who complain about how some blacks are "representing us" in TV's current offerings. I do understand our penchant for being easily annoyed because we have had and still do have many things to complain about.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">My concern is that we've created such a comfy home in the Complaint Department that we forget the things we could be grateful for. What you focus on E X P A N D S, so I want to focus on and expand a few things I'm grateful for regarding black folk on television. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">First of all, <i>we are on television! </i>and it's now gone beyond the stage of our being occasional "tokens."</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">There was a long exchange on Face Book some days ago about "loud, fat, sassy black women" on daytime talk shows. I don't watch these shows, so I can only go by the lamentations in the discussion, to which I added this.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1" style="font-size: small;"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">"I
think the producers (as always) are doing what they believe will bring
eyeballs to their shows. There is a desperate competition for viewers
these days. Tyler Perry has demonstrated that his brand brings viewers;
that's why Oprah snatched him up. If </span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">you
can't get TP, you can at least hire TP-type characters and hope that
will do the trick. And apparently, it has. The Real Housewives of
Atlanta pulls the viewers and NeNe's career is blowing up. On the other
hand, Shonda's women aren't doing too bad, either."</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;">Viola Davis, Regina King and Uzo Aduba had just won Emmy Awards, and not a one of them played a "</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">loud, fat, sassy black woman." Nobody in the discussion thread bothered to mention this. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">I am not a fan of Tyler Perry's shows, and I have recoiled every time I've seen an </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">episode</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> of Real Housewives/Basketball Wives; HOWEVER, I am thrilled to see all these black folks getting paid in the entertainment industry. I know you youngsters believe there have always been blacks on television, except they were often not representing us in the way we wanted to see ourselves. Not so.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">I remember when there weren't any blacks on television. NONE!</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">In fact, I remember when there was NO TELEVISION!</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">Commercial television appeared in the late 1940s. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">By 1955</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> half of all U.S. homes had television. My family got our first in 1952. I was fifteen.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">The first black I remember seeing on television was E</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">ddie Anderson</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> in <i>The Jack Benny Show</i> which first aired in </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">1950. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>His character was named Rochester. He was a wise-cracking, eye-rolling servant who called Benny "Boss."<i> </i>Back in those days, we preferred the classy <i>Nat King Cole Show, </i>but NBC struggled mightily to get sponsors for that show in the mid-fifties so it didn't last long. There was no shortage of commercial support for the other shows of that period with black actors, <i>Amos and Andy </i>and<i> Beulah </i>(a maid). Push-back from the black community got </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><i>Amos and Andy</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> cancelled, but it continued to run </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">for many years </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">in syndication.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">Our whole family </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">gathered </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">(along with thousands of others around the country) on Sunday evenings to watch <i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i> that ran from 1948-1971. Sullivan periodically included black performers and we couldn't wait to see them. I first saw Richard Pryor doing a Rumpelstiltskin bit on Sullivan and have been a Pryor fan ever since. Motown artists like </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">Stevie Wonder, the Jackson Five and the Supremes </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> were popular Sullivan guests and we were thrilled to see them. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">In the late sixties</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> we welcomed a break from the stereotypical roles<i> </i>with Bill Cosby in </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><i>I Spy, </i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">the much-praised <i>Julia</i>, starring Diahann Carroll. In the 1970s, Norman Lear </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">ramped up </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">the number of blacks on television producing sitcoms like <i>Good Times </i>and <i>The Jeffersons</i>, and adapting <i>Sanford and Son</i> (originally a British show) for American TV. Aside from <i>Roots</i>, Alex Haley's history-making series about slavery, dramatic programming about black lives was avoided. When a few were aired in the eighties, they didn't last long. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">I was crushed when m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">y favorites, <i>Frank's Place</i> with Tim<b> </b>and<b> </b>Daphne Reid and <i>A Man Called Hawk</i> starring Avery Brooks were quickly cancelled. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">Despite the fact that really good black shows can still be cancelled too soon (my son's show <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TotallyBiasedFX/" target="_blank"><i>Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell</i></a> for example), there has never been anything on television like what's going on now. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">Not only are there black actors in all types of roles in "white" shows, but there are shows with predominantly black casts on the major networks like <i>Blackish </i>and <i>Empire</i>, not to mention the black women who are the leads in <i>Scandal</i> and <i>How to Get Away With Murder. </i>And since TV is an imitative industry, the success of these shows guarantees there will be more of them.<i><br /></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">On cable, I can hardly keep track. Larry Wilmore is hosting Comedy Central's <i>The Nightly Show</i> and Trevor Noah <i>The Daily Show, </i>and W. Kamau Bell will soon debut<i> United Shades of America </i>on CNN. "Unscripted" programs showcasing blacks are on a variety of cable networks, and there are three cable channels programming mostly black shows: BET, TV ONE, and OWN (Tyler Perry's home). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">I remember when I (and most blacks) watched every television show that had a black actor. No matter how buffoonish the</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> character</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">, we were happy to see somebody on the little screen that looked like us. Today (and for possibly a couple of decades now), there have been too many of us for me to watch every appearance of a black person on television, even if I wanted to.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">We can see black folk on television (or streaming) anytime we want. I will not watch the "reality" shows, but I won't miss <i>Being Mary Jane </i>and<i> How to Get Away With Murder</i>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">So instead of being disgruntled when we see a black person who doesn't fit the image we prefer seeing, switch channels! </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010">We have choices now.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end/=1$text0/=010"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body"><span class="UFICommentBody _1n4g" data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3"><span data-reactid=".gb.1:5.0.1:$comment10154318446552627_10154319563297627/=10.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0"><span 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</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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This has never been a "white" country</h3>
<br />
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">All you need to understand is that the officer carries with him the power of the American state and the weight of an American legacy, and they necessitate that of the bodies destroyed every year, some wild and disproportionate number of them will be black.</span></i></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Ta-Nehisi Coates in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Between the World and Me</i></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i> </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">I’ve been
exposed to America’s racial paradigm for three-quarters of a century; what I
write here is based on what I’ve lived and what I’ve learned from reading
history in works other than official classroom texts. As the PBS documentary <a href="http://newsreel.org/video/RACE-THE-POWER-OF-AN-ILLUSION" target="_blank"><b><i>Race: The Power of an Illusion</i></b></a> explains, “Race has no genetic basis.”
Instead, it “is a powerful social idea that gives people different access to
opportunities and resources.” However, scientific data means nothing in the
presence of this powerful social imperative.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">The murders of Oscar Grant, Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, Freddie Gray, Michael Brown are high-profile examples of how racism permeates
American society. These murders rekindle the fear that I, and most parents of
black male children, live with daily. We know that at any moment some person
(police officer, random gun-toter) could see your child’s black maleness as a
threat that has to be eradicated. And numerous precedents have taught these
would-be “guardians” they will not be punished for these murders. These cases
remind us yet again that some things haven’t changed in the last 150 years. In
1857 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in<b>
<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2933.html" target="_blank">Dred Scott <i>v.</i> Sanford</a></b> that blacks
“have no rights which the white man is bound to respect . . . .”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">It has been dismaying, although not
surprising, to see racism’s ugly head spinning wildly after Barack Obama was elected
President of the United States. Having our first black president seems to have
unhinged a sizable number of Americans, most visibly those in the
Tea/Republican Party, but thankfully they are not the majority. These people are outraged at having a black man in the White House and, in addition
to insulting the president in every possible way they can think of, they are passing
and pushing for laws to take us back in time, to their “glory” days. Apparently
they’re longing for the time when people who were not white and male couldn’t vote, let alone run for president. To achieve that end they are
erecting new barriers to the right to vote, especially for black and brown
folks. This is </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">one </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">step back to the days they long for when <a href="http://www.kqed.org/assets/pdf/education/digitalmedia/us-voting-rights-timeline.pdf" target="_blank">only propertied white males had voting rights. </a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">For these disturbed
Americans, President Obama’s election has concretized the warning that Patrick
Buchanan has been issuing for years, most specifically in his book, <i>State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion
and Conquest of America</i>. “Third world” is his euphemism for people who are
not white. That title, and the mythology of a white America that so many want
to return to, represent the Big White Lie. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><b>THE ONLY INVASION </b></span></span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">The only “invasion” of America has
been by whites</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">—</span></span>people who looked like Buchanan. This has never been a white country.
There were no whites (i.e., Europeans) here when the first immigrants </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">showed up uninvited, but were welcomed. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Then these immigrant Europeans
utilized their more efficient weaponry to invade and occupy the land, systematically
displacing or killing the indigenous people. They succeeded in taking control,
but the original inhabitants they dubbed “Indians” survive and continue to have
a presence, however marginalized, in their ancestral homeland.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Europeans had been engaged in the <a href="http://honoringtheheart.com/" target="_blank"><b>capture and sale of Africans</b></a> for more
than a century when they “discovered” the New World. So it was a no-brainer in
1619 to bring Africans across the Atlantic to do the back-breaking work of developing
"their" new country and making the most of the land’s resources. Europeans held the
reins of power, but the country was not “white” because the original
inhabitants were still present, and the number of Africans was rapidly increasing,
especially in the South, where much of the slave labor was concentrated. In
what was to become the United States, immigrants from Europe gradually set
aside their disdain for each other—muting regional prejudices and national
differences—to become “white”and thereby establish a cohesive group superiority
over the “nonwhites” in their midst. The population of “colored” people expanded exponentially as white
males took advantage of their power to rape the “inferior” women. The offspring
of these <i>legitimate</i> rapes further
diminished the percentage of whites. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">In 1848 the <a href="http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo" target="_blank">Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo</a> placed a significant portion of Mexico (including what are now the
states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and part of Colorado
and Texas) and <i>Mexicans</i> within the
United States, increasing the number of “colored” citizens in America yet
again. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">The suffusion continued with the <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/tcrr-cprr/" target="_blank">importation of Chinese</a> laborers to
build the Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869. Then the U.S. acquired Puerto
Rico (there are more Puerto Ricans in this country than in Puerto Rico) the
Philippines, and Guam after defeating Spain in the 1898 <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war" target="_blank">Spanish-American War. </a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">American
imperialism brought along other “nonwhite territories” like Samoa, the Virgin
Islands, Alaska and Hawaii, the latter two admitted as the 49th and 50th states
in 1959. The “nonwhite” people living in these territories are all Americans, although they are not allowed to vote in national elections, or the U.S. Congress. (Washington, DC occupies the same dubious distinction, except they can now vote for the POTUS.) U.
S. military incursions in Southeast Asia and the Middle East have spurred refugees
and immigrants from these non-European areas to settle here and more are coming. The term
“nonwhite” is itself the perfect indicator of the assumed supremacy of
whiteness. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Now that the national stew is nicely
spiced and these people of color are exercising power, a number of whites
are hysterically digging in their heels in a desire to “take their country back.”
Fear of becoming a “minority” in “their” country is what built the fence on the
Mexican border, toughened immigration restrictions, and increased deportations. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Their rage for more prisons<b> </b>had long
been<b> </b>fueled by a desire to
re-enslave blacks—African- and Hispanic-Americans make up approximately 25
percent of the nation’s population, yet they constitute <a href="http://www.naacp.org/pages/criminal-justice-fact-sheet" target="_blank"><b><i>more than half</i></b></a> of those incarcerated
in the country’s prisons. Now, however, the hungry and rapacious privatized prison
industry is gobbling up poor whites as well. (In 1998 an <i>Atlantic</i> article stated, “The United States now <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/12/the-prison-industrial-complex/304669/" target="_blank"><b>imprisons more people</b></a> than any other
country in the world—perhaps half a million more than Communist China.” And the
<a href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2109777,00.html" target="_blank"><b>numbers have increased</b></a> since that
article was written.)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">What these frightened folk don’t
realize is that their hysteria is much too late. Dragging their heels will only
create deep ruts. It’s inevitable, people of color will be the majority, and
soon. Not because of any “invasion” as Buchanan and others want us to believe.
Rather, this demographic shift is a result of long-standing official U.S. policies
and imperialist practices that created a racial paradigm in the United States
dating back to the first European immigrants. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Award-winning writer <a href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Edgar-Wideman" target="_blank"><b>John Edgar Wideman</b></a> described a racial paradigm as “a vision of humankind and
society based on the premise that not all people are created equal and some are
born with the right to exploit others.” And this is how it operates in this country that purports to be a democracy.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">With
the media’s constant barrage of statistics, African Americans are not allowed
to forget that we are regarded as not measuring up to the white standard. That
makes it easier for officials and others to see African Americans as
disposable. For many years we were <i>the</i>
defective ethnic group, but as their numbers increase, the alarmists are now focusing on Hispanic Americans. Since 2001, people from the Middle East, or those who
look like they could be from that area, have been added to the list of suspects. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Racism
is integral to who Americans
are, to what the U. S. has been since its inception and still is. Yet,
only in recent months have some tentatively acknowledged its existence, while most are still in denial. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">What
is never mentioned, or hardly even alluded to, is that despite their status as
the standard to which everyone else is compared, some whites <i>feel the full measure of their inadequacies</i>
until reminded that <i>at least they are not
black/Hispanic/foreign</i>, at which time they can swell with pride. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Many government officials, political
leaders, media, pundits and others continue to invoke the Big White Lie because that lie helps them maintain control over those who have no power aside from what their skin color supposedly confers. </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">*adapted from the essay of the same title in the collection, <a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/" target="_blank"><i>Not All Poor People Are Black and Other Things We Need to </i>Think <i>More About</i>.</a></span> </span></span></div>
lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-76389657474507298072015-08-21T16:14:00.000-07:002015-08-21T19:52:14.920-07:00I will miss my friend <div style="text-align: center;">
<h2>
Memories of Julian Bond </h2>
<h3>
by Janet Cheatham Bell</h3>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">"These words come, after all, from a steady triumph of right over wrong. Some of these are angry words--but anger is a proper emotion to bring to this fight. Some of the words are humorous--laughter is a frequently employed weapon that can win--and wound. And some are musical, lyrical--prose poetry from singers without any instrument except their voices or pens and their minds."</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Julian Bond</b> in the introduction to my book, <i>Till Victory Is Won: </i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Famous Black Quotations from the NAACP</i>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibIU87YNYISbq73PEbEiwvLbKdW6c6AtBXWpsYXF6AsYN7DIK_QrFYBIQot4pW0Dib89UczQVzfzFdkxYODLDYgKUpjzMwbq-lAM-KRFWx6r-AHXKYr-fY8JGtUkDxrNROHIqEiHqQP0U/s1600/Julian+%2526+Me_300dpi+%25282%2529.tif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibIU87YNYISbq73PEbEiwvLbKdW6c6AtBXWpsYXF6AsYN7DIK_QrFYBIQot4pW0Dib89UczQVzfzFdkxYODLDYgKUpjzMwbq-lAM-KRFWx6r-AHXKYr-fY8JGtUkDxrNROHIqEiHqQP0U/s400/Julian+%2526+Me_300dpi+%25282%2529.tif" width="390" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julian and me in 1977 at a fundraiser for the late Hoyt Fuller's First World magazine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">I first met Julian in 1969. I was living in Athens, Ohio with my husband, Art Saxe, who was a professor at Ohio University (OU). The previous year, after Martin Luther King Jr. was killed, and </span><span style="font-size: large;">in response to student demands</span><span style="font-size: large;">, I had been recruited by OU's English Department to teach African American Literature. In that position I was doing everything I could to increase the presence of blacks in what had been a completely white department, so I persuaded them to sponsor <a href="http://www.umass.edu/afroam/thelwellnew.htm" target="_blank">Michael Thelwell</a> for a stint as a writer-in-residence. Although we'd never met, I thought Michael's work as both a writer and an activist would appeal to my students.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">We invited </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Michael</span> </span><span style="font-size: large;">to dinner at our house and he asked if we would drive him to a nearby Ohio town where Julian Bond was scheduled to speak. </span><span style="font-size: large;">Afterwards, w</span><span style="font-size: large;">e went out for a drink. Julian and Mike (buddies from their SNCC days) were so busy catching up with one another, they hardly knew Art and I were there.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> Julian had no memory of that meeting.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">We met again s</span><span style="font-size: large;">even years </span><span style="font-size: large;">later</span><span style="font-size: large;"> in March 1976. I was divorced </span><span style="font-size: large;">and living in Indianapolis, employed by the Indiana Department of Public Instruction (DPI). I was the state's </span><span style="font-size: large;">Curriculum Consultant for </span><span style="font-size: large;">Ethnic Studies. </span><span style="font-size: large;">The state Social Studies Consultant was hosting a Midwest Regional Conference,</span><span style="font-size: large;"> co-sponsored by DPI.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Julian had been engaged as the keynote speaker and I offered to pick him up from the airport. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">We had a couple of hours before he was to speak, so we went for coffee and I coached him on what I thought he should say to the Midwest educators. He was relaxed and easy to talk to with a self-deprecating sense of humor. I learned that we shared nearly identical interests in literature as well as politics. </span><span style="font-size: large;">He </span><span style="font-size: large;">had been an </span><span style="font-size: large;">English </span><span style="font-size: large;">major in college</span><span style="font-size: large;"> just like me</span><span style="font-size: large;">. </span><span style="font-size: large;">A few days after he left he sent a nice thank you note to </span><span style="font-size: large;">the office.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">A few months later </span><span style="font-size: large;">I saw him</span><span style="font-size: large;"> again at the "Black Bicentennial" in Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, held </span><span style="font-size: large;">in June</span><span style="font-size: large;">. I had convinced DPI it was essential that the Ethnic Studies Consultant attend Heritage Days: The Black Perspective (the official name of the black bicentennial). My good friend Helen joined me for the event. Julian was one of many speakers at the celebration, and when Helen and I had lunch with him he gave us each a copy of his book, <i>A Time to Speak and a Time to Act</i>. </span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">After that, Julian and I kept in touch regularly, </span><span style="font-size: large;">for years </span><span style="font-size: large;">by phone and letters; later by email. We often</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> exchanged newspaper clippings and copies of articles we wanted to share or discuss. </span>When</span><span style="font-size: large;">ever he was in Indianapolis or nearby, </span><span style="font-size: large;">I'd go hear him speak </span><span style="font-size: large;">and we'd meet afterwards. </span><span style="font-size: large;">While my son and I were living in Boston, Julian filmed an episode of Sesame Street at WGBH and invited eight-year-old Kamau to be one of the children in the segment. (That was <a href="http://wkamaubell.com/" target="_blank">W. Kamau Bell</a>'s television debut. Things sort of came "full circle," when as host of his own television show, <i>Totally Biased</i>, Kamau interviewed Julian at a </span><span style="font-size: large;">2012</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Presidential </span><span style="font-size: large;">Inaugural Ball.) </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuvqVWgOzKrjAvRy6ddq4OdLeeu6U0sq0nGc92qNqRF0riPmVCta8zFBKvFlwVlaotGqBjk_epzoXTAzngMQvt9PYieiQneDNbV-jZM5RkNctOU8mn4sbr24k4AKFnn7cbMT54tI1VoIg/s1600/Bond+campaign+T+shirt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuvqVWgOzKrjAvRy6ddq4OdLeeu6U0sq0nGc92qNqRF0riPmVCta8zFBKvFlwVlaotGqBjk_epzoXTAzngMQvt9PYieiQneDNbV-jZM5RkNctOU8mn4sbr24k4AKFnn7cbMT54tI1VoIg/s320/Bond+campaign+T+shirt.jpg" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 1976 Julian almost ran for President of the U.S. himself. This is a T-shirt left over from that <a href="http://www.theroot.com/articles/politics/2015/08/julian_bond_was_nominated_for_presidential_run_by_black_political_party.html" target="_blank">aborted run</a>. (Collector's item maybe?)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ7Wrq1DB8RrQAK7JG-ZhReEf0r7IQdD5S53_Za2k0lvo5Uj_bKOzc2WwegjWVo_plckQng98E-tW4u5PUxhUzxCwGxW-Ij20X7WsODEBWRCHMqhVuAIpC3penWMfFOKEvf9SUqxsm8Wk/s1600/Kamau+as+the+Hulk+at+age+4+or+so+cropped.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ7Wrq1DB8RrQAK7JG-ZhReEf0r7IQdD5S53_Za2k0lvo5Uj_bKOzc2WwegjWVo_plckQng98E-tW4u5PUxhUzxCwGxW-Ij20X7WsODEBWRCHMqhVuAIpC3penWMfFOKEvf9SUqxsm8Wk/s320/Kamau+as+the+Hulk+at+age+4+or+so+cropped.tif" width="315" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Here's four-year-old Kamau in his
child-sized version of the T, which he ripped up as part of his
Incredible Hulk-bursting-out-of-his-clothes bit.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">When I quit my job to publish quotation books, Julian encouraged and supported me when some others thought I'd lost my mind. He generously wrote endorsements for my books and introduced me to folks he thought might be helpful. Julian was also a writer and poet and sent me </span><span style="font-size: large;">handwritten </span><span style="font-size: large;">copies </span><span style="font-size: large;">of a proposed series of</span><span style="font-size: large;"> stories </span><span style="font-size: large;">similar to Langston Hughes' famous "Simple Stories."</span><span style="font-size: large;"> Julian's wise and outspoken character was named Leroy. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">In 1987, my </span><span style="font-size: large;">friend was at a low point in his life. </span><span style="font-size: large;">John Lewis had</span><span style="font-size: large;"> defeated him in 1986 for a </span><span style="font-size: large;">seat in the U.S. Co</span><span style="font-size: large;">ngress, h</span><span style="font-size: large;">e was estranged from his wife who publicly accused him and others of being addicted to cocaine</span><span style="font-size: large;">, and on June 21<i> The Washington Post Magazine</i> published an article by Juan Williams titled, "Julian Bond on the Edge." It was not a flattering piece. </span><span style="font-size: large;">Julian was particularly dismayed because he felt betrayed by those he'd thought of as friends.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> I consoled him as best I could. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">H</span><span style="font-size: large;">e was not beaten down by these experiences</span><span style="font-size: large;">, however</span><span style="font-size: large;">, and wrote back to say he would be working with Paul Simon on a series of benefit concerts starring Miriam Makeba, Hugh Masakela and Ladysmith Black Mambazo. He sent me two tickets for the </span><span style="font-size: large;">Chicago-area </span><span style="font-size: large;">concert. My date was mighty impressed with our seats, which were just four rows from the front. In fact we were seated just in front of Julian, who proudly introduced his date, Mavis Staples. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">As often happens after a period in the dark, people emerge to find a new direction illuminated. The congressional defeat was the end of Julian's political career, and the beginning of an expansion of his career as a media host/commentator, national chair of the NAACP, and professor of civil rights. The University of Virginia, where he taught for twenty years, is raising money for a fitting tribute: endowing the Julian Bond Professorship of Civil Rights and Social Justice.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">We had been in touch less frequently in the last few years, but I am shaken by his passing; it took a few days for me to accept the reality of it. I wasn't ready for him to leave, but obviously he was ready to go. </span><br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-16625460431671672382015-07-20T14:06:00.001-07:002015-07-21T10:51:37.212-07:00When Will It End?<span style="font-size: large;">Sometimes, I let down my guard and forget how deeply entrenched the distorted story of African Americans is in this country. As Chimamanda Adichie says in her <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story" target="_blank">TED talk</a>, a <i>single story</i> about anything is dangerous.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">And the election of our first black president hasn't altered that single story a bit for many Americans, even those who voted for President Obama. Twice. I got an unexpected reminder of that yesterday which disturbed me and my sleep last night.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">A sweet, friendly, older white woman </span><span style="font-size: large;">(I'll call her Ingrid), </span><span style="font-size: large;">whom I </span><span style="font-size: large;">run into </span><span style="font-size: large;">periodically</span><span style="font-size: large;"> and we </span><span style="font-size: large;">occasionally</span><span style="font-size: large;"> chat</span><span style="font-size: large;">, stopped me yesterday</span><span style="font-size: large;">. She had bought a copy of my essay collection, <a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/" target="_blank"><i>Not All Poor People, Are Black</i></a> and read it! She wanted to talk about my book. Then this woman whom I don't know well, but do know that she's a fan of President Obama and is supportive of him and many of his policies, reminded me of that </span><span style="font-size: large;">pervasive</span><span style="font-size: large;"> single story about blacks.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Ingrid is a pleasant, seemingly intelligent woman; I've never felt a whiff of condescension from her. She appears to be healthy and happy with her life. So when she wanted to talk about my book, I anticipated an interesting discussion.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ingrid </span>wanted me to know how sad the book made her. This startled me a bit because I've received several comments about the book, but had never heard that one. </span><span style="font-size: large;">However, the book includes a variety of essays and, of course, each person brings her/his own experiences to what they read. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Then she told me a bit about herself: she grew up without knowing or ever seeing a black person. S</span><span style="font-size: large;">he first laid eyes on one of us when </span><span style="font-size: large;">she was 17.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> Ingrid further explained that </span><span style="font-size: large;">she's lived in several </span><span style="font-size: large;">cities in different parts of the country, and she named them for me. The ones I remember are Austin, TX; Madison, WI; Ann Arbor, MI and </span><span style="font-size: large;">she </span><span style="font-size: large;">now</span><span style="font-size: large;"> lives in Bloomington, IN. (I believe all the places she named were college towns.) And she said, indicating that suddenly things have gotten worse, not once in any of these places did she ever hear of any racial upheavals. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">I sighed and responded, "Because you didn't hear of them doesn't mean they didn't happen." She nodded her head, but I doubt that she "heard" what I said. Ingrid also wanted to know why blacks are so angry and react "so violently" when something happens. (I thought I had spelled that out several times and in a variety of ways in my book.) T</span><span style="font-size: large;">he <i>thought</i> of trying to explain what was wrong with<i> </i>her question so thoroughly exhausted me that I simply </span><span style="font-size: large;">reminded her that the violence usually begins with the police killing a black person. I also pointed out that after hundreds of years of being enslaved and oppressed, people reach a point of not being able to take any more without fighting back as best they can.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Then she asked, "But don't you think that the Africans who <i>came</i> here are better off...aren't <i>you</i> better off than you would be if you were still in Africa where things are so bad?"</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Somehow, I remained calm. First I reminded her that we did not <i>come here</i> like her ancestors had. (I thought this was common knowledge, but decided not to let it go uncorrected.) I reminded her that we were captured and brought over in chains, except for those whose bones are now scattered at the bottom of the Atlantic. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">I also needed to refute her single story about Africa. I asked her, "Who knows what the continent of Africa would be like today if 60 million people and much of their natural resources had not been drained off to build and enrich Europe and America?"</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">"Sixty million? Really? I had no idea it was that many."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">"Nobody knows the exact number, but the Slave Trade went on for about 500 years, and scholars have estimated that 12 million Africans were removed <i>each year</i>."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Ingrid would never wave a Confederate flag, or be less
than polite to any person, no matter their color. She undoubtedly would
adamantly deny that she's ever had a racist thought. Yet she thinks that I should be grateful my ancestors were captured and enslaved; otherwise I would still (horror of horrors) be in AFRICA! </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">I was restless as I tried to sleep last night because I realized how absolutely weary I am of trying to get American whites </span><i><span style="font-size: large;">not </span></i><span style="font-size: large;"><i>to accept</i> the story they are told <i>repeatedly</i> about Africa and African Americans. </span><span style="font-size: large;">It feels like a Sisyphean punishment. W</span><span style="font-size: large;">hy would whites (and many blacks) believe me when </span><span style="font-size: large;">throughout their lives </span><span style="font-size: large;">everything they read, see on television and are taught keeps telling them the opposite of what I have to say? </span><span style="font-size: large;">Besides, </span><span style="font-size: large;">how </span><span style="font-size: large;">could I possibly be </span><span style="font-size: large;">"objective"? </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">And yes, I recognize that not all whites subscribe to the single story, but more of them do than not. For examples, see <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/17/opinion/listening-to-ta-nehisi-coates-while-white.html?_r=0" target="_blank">David Brooks</a> on Ta-Nehisi Coates' book, <i>Between the World and Me</i>. See an Iraq War veteran <a href="http://www.rt.com/usa/259757-iraq-veteran-police-custody/" target="_blank">killed by jail guards in Texas</a>. Also see people </span><span style="font-size: large;">waving Confederate flags--a historic symbol of treason and a recent symbol of hatred</span><span style="font-size: large;"> for blacks--to greet the President of the United States. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">I'm trying to cling to my optimism and keep my heart open, but when will it end? I am really tired of this. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-27149883063471416222015-06-21T13:17:00.000-07:002015-06-23T17:55:10.610-07:00What Can I Do to Help End Racism?<span style="font-size: large;">This blog entry is for those who say they are disgusted by this country's treatment of African Americans and want to help do something about it. Their hesitation is that they don't know <i>how</i> they can help.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">I believe the first step toward understanding how to become an ally in this
struggle African Americans have been engaged in for centuries, is
to <b>do your homework and learn more about it</b>. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Many people of all colors/ethnic groups/"races" operate on a subconscious acceptance of white supremacy because that is the culture of this country and always has been. To <i>not</i> operate that way, you first have to be <i>aware </i>of how these cultural assumptions play out in daily life. To help create that awareness, I recommend reading/watching a few of the items on the following list of books and DVDs.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Whatever genre you prefer--biography, comedy, documentary, essay, history, film, novel, short story, television--there's something here for you, </span><span style="font-size: large;">including material from real life as well as works of
imagination.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> This list is not meant to be exhaustive or comprehensive; it </span><span style="font-size: large;">is personal, </span><span style="font-size: large;">consisting of items I am familiar with and that I think will be helpful. And since it is personal, I've included my own books. </span><br />
<br />
(I apologize for this blog program that has a mind of its own regarding spacing, formatting and fonts.) <br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
HISTORIES </h3>
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Bennett, Lerone
Jr., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.ipgbook.com/johnson-publishing-company-publisher-JPC.php" target="_blank">Before the Mayflower</a>: A <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">History of Black America</b></i>, Johnson
Publishing Co./Penguin Books, 1986. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Johnson Publishing
Company’s (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ebony</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jet</i> magazines) resident historian teaches
us<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>just how long ago Africans were
brought to this land. Updated many times, it was originally published in 1961.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.jhfcenter.org/john-hope-franklin/" target="_blank">Franklin, John Hope</a> and Alfred A. Moss Jr., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">From Slavery
to Freedom: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A History of African
Americans</b></i>, 6th edition, Knopf, 1988. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Now in its 8th edition, considered the
definitive history of African Americans. Originally published in 1947</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.smith.edu/aas/faculty_giddings.php" target="_blank">Giddings, Paula</a>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> When and Where I Enter: The Impact of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Black Women</b> on Race and Sex in America,</i>
William Morrow & Co., 1984.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.history.northwestern.edu/people/hine.html" target="_blank">Hine,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Darlene Clark</a> and Kathleen Thompson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/80310/a-shining-thread-of-hope-by-darlene-clark-hine/" target="_blank">A Shining Thread of Hope</a>: The History of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Black Women </b>in America,</i> Broadway
Books, 1998.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/bookwizard/books-by/patricia-c-mckissack-0#cart/cleanup" target="_blank">McKissack,Patricia and Fredrick</a>, Scholastic books for young readers<span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.journalofafricancivilizations.com/VanSertima" target="_blank">Van Sertima, Ivan</a>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">They Came Before Columbus: The
African Presence in Ancient America</i>, Random House, 1976.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<h3 style="text-align: center;">
BIOGRAPHIES/MEMOIRS</h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.mayaangelou.com/books/" target="_blank">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings </a>by </span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Maya Angelou, </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Bantam Books, 1993.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Angelou
writes movingly about her childhood with her grandmother in Arkansas.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Days
of Grace: A Memoir</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">
by <a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span id="goog_898719950"></span>Arthur Ashe<span id="goog_898719951"></span></b></a> and Arnold Rampersad,
Knopf, 1993.</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ashe, a tennis player, wrote about his experiences
playing a predominantly white sport.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<a href="http://ellabakercenter.org/about/who-was-ella-baker" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Ella Baker</span></i></b></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">:
Freedom Bound</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">by Joanne Grant, John Wiley
& Sons, 1998.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Baker was active in the civil rights
movement and founding adviser to Snick, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">The
Time and Place That Gave Me Life</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">
by <a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Janet Cheatham Bell</b></a>, Indiana
University Press, 2007. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
story of an “ordinary” black family in the heartland (Indianapolis) coping with
race in their daily lives.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.jamespcomermd.com/read-me/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Maggie’s
American Dream: The Life and Times of a Black Family</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.jamespcomermd.com/read-me/" target="_blank"> </a>by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">James P.</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comer</b>, New
American Library, 1988.</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> </span>Comer
is a physician and </span>the Maurice Falk Professor of Child Psychiatry at the
Yale University School of Medicine's Child Study Center.</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Narrative
of the Life of<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-douglass-9278324#freedom-and-abolitionism" target="_blank">Frederick Douglass</a>, </b>An
American Slave</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">,
Written by Himself, Boston Anti-Slavery Office, 1845; Dolphin Books, 1963. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A brilliant man </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">tells the story of how he overcame </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">the humiliation and depravity of those who “owned” him.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.cnn.com/books/news/9902/15/myrlie/index.html" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Watch Me Fly: What I Learned on the Way to Becoming the Woman I Was Meant to Be </span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myrlie Evers-Williams</b> with Melinda Blau, Little, Brown & Co.,
1999. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
widow of Medgar Evers, the assassinated civil rights leader who was murdered in
Mississippi in 1963, writes about that experience and her life subsequently.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Incidents
in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> by <a href="http://www.harrietjacobs.org/" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harriet A. Jacobs</b></a>, edited by Jean Fagan Yellin, Harvard University
Press,1987. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">An
account of what it was like for a woman to be someone else’s property.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.shoppbs.org/product/index.jsp?productId=2167277&device=c&adpos={adposition}&creative={creative}&network={network}&matchtype={matchtype}&pla=pla_2167277&camp=PLA:2167277" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">
(1878-1946) by Geoffrey C. Ward, Knopf, 2004.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> The
experiences of the first black heavyweight boxing champion; also see the PBS
Ken Burns documentary of the same title.</span></span></div>
<br />
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Vernon
Can Read: A Memoir</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">
by <a href="http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/vernon-e-jordan-jr" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vernon E. Jordan Jr</b></a>. with Annette
Gordon-Reed, Public Affairs, 2001. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The life story of a former president of the National
Urban League and adviser to President Bill Clinton.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Born
to Rebel: An Autobiography</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">
by <a href="http://www.morehouse.edu/about/bio-bmays.html" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benjamin E. Mays</b></a>, The University
of Georgia Press, 1971. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
late Dr. Mays was president of Atlanta’s historically black Morehouse College
and an adviser to his student, Martin Luther King Jr.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.jamesmcbride.com/" target="_blank">The Color of Water: </a>A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother </span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">James McBride</b>, Riverhead Books, 1996. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This memoir is a
well-written account of what it was like growing up in Brooklyn with his white
mom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -27.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Makes
Me Wanna Holler: A Young Black Man in America</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> by <a href="http://nathanmccall.net/" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nathan McCall</b></a>, Random House, 1994. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A completely different kind of story by a <i>Washington
Post</i> reporter who came of age in Portsmouth, Virginia.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><i>On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of <a href="http://www.madamcjwalker.com/#&panel1-1" target="_blank"><b>Madam C. J. Walker</b></a></i> by A'Lelia Bundles, Scribner, 2001. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The life of the first female American millionaire who earned rather than inherited her money.</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/05/books/05grimes.html?_r=0" target="_blank">A Slave No More: Two Men Who Escaped to Freedom</a></span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">, by David W. Blight, Harcourt, 2007. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The individual life
stories of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">John Washington</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wallace Turnage </b>who managed to free
themselves from bondage.</span><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: center;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
NOVELS &<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> </span>SHORT STORIES</h3>
Campbell, Bebe Moore, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Your Blues Ain’t Like Mine</i></b>, Random
House, 1993. This captivating story follows the lives of two families, one
white, one black after a racist incident. Set in Mississippi in the 1950s.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Ellison, Ralph, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Invisible
Man</i></b>, Random House, 1952. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Classic, prize-winning novel about the
journey of blacks in America.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Faulkner, William, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Light in August</i></b>, Vintage Books, 1991</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">. A classic southern Gothic novel set in Mississippi with quirky characters including Joe Christmas
who isn’t sure if he’s black or white. Originally published in 1931.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Hughes, Langston,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Ways of White Folks: Stories</i></b>, Knopf, 1969. I</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ndividual stories
about a variety of encounters between blacks and whites. Originally published
in 1934.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Jones, Edward P., <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Known World</i></b>, Amistad, 2006.</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> The story of the anomaly of a
black man who owned slaves.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Morrison, Toni, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Bluest Eye</i></b>, Plume, 1994. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Morrison’s first novel is a story of how
living in an environment where appearance, especially skin color, determines
worth, can distort a child’s perception and esteem. Originally published in 1970.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Petry,
Ann, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Street</i></b>, Pyramid Books, 1966. </span><span style="background: white; color: #181818; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A hard look
at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a young black woman struggling to
live and raise a son in Harlem in the late 1940s</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Originally published 1946.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Tademy, Lalita, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cane River</i></b>, Grand Central
Publishing, 2002. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Engrossing
story of four generations of French-speaking black women in Louisiana based on
the author’s own family.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Walker,
Margaret, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jubilee</i></b>, Bantam, 1966. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The author imagines how her family survived
in the years after slavery was abolished.</span></div>
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John A., <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Man Who Cried I Am</i></b>, New American Library, 1967. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A novel about a
secret assassin who kills every police officer who has killed a black person.</span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ESSAYS & BOOKS ON BEING BLACK IN AMERICA</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
<a href="http://www.biography.com/people/james-baldwin-9196635#early-works" style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif;" target="_blank">Baldwin, James</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Fire Next Time</i><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, Dell Publishing,
1963.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Baldwin, James, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Notes of a Native Son</i>, Bantam Books,
1955.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Baldwin, James, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native
Son</i>, Dial Press, 1961.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Baraka, Amiri
(LeRoi Jones), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.amiribaraka.com/books.html" target="_blank">Blues People: The NegroExperience in White America and the Music that Developed From It</a></i>, William
Morrow & Co., 1968.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Bell, Janet
Cheatham, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/_i_victory_of_the_spirit__reflections_on_my_journey__i__sabayt_publications__201_56570.htm" target="_blank">Victory of the Spirit:Reflections on My Journey</a>, </i>Sabayt Publications, 2011.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Bell, Janet
Cheatham, <a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/not_all_poor_people_are_black_and_other_things_we_need_to_think_more_about_124500.htm" target="_blank">Not All Poor People Are Black:and other things we need to think more about</a>, Sabayt Publications, 2015.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Carter, Stephen
L., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.stephencarterbooks.com/books/nonfiction" target="_blank">Reflections of an Affirmative ActionBaby</a></i>, Basic Books, 1991.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Cose, Ellis, <a href="http://elliscose.com/bookshelf/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Rage of a Privileged Class</i>,</a> Harper
Collins, 1993. </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A
former columnist and writer for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Newsweek</i>,
on the racism experienced by well-paid professionals.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Edwards, Audrey
& Dr. Craig K. Polite, <a href="http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/45274/children-of-the-dream-by-audrey-edwards/" target="_blank">Children of the Dream: The Psychology of Black Success, Doubleday, 1992.</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">DeGruy, Joy, <i><a href="http://joydegruy.com/joy-de-gruy-books-cds-and-dvds/" target="_blank">Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome</a></i>, Uptone Press, 2005.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><a href="http://www.maritagolden.com/bookstore.html" target="_blank">Golden, Marita</a>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saving Our Sons: Raising Black Children in a
Turbulent World</i>, Anchor Books, 1995.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Monroe, Sylvester
and Peter Goldman, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brothers: Black and
Poor—A True Story of Courage and Survival</i>, William Morrow & Co., 1988.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Muhammad, Khalil
Gibran, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674062115" target="_blank">The Condemnation of Blackness:</a>
Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America</i>, Harvard University
Press, 2010.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Ogbu, John U., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED156791" target="_blank">Minority Education and Caste</a>: The American
System in Cross-Cultural Perspective</i>, Academic Press, 1978.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Painter, Nell
Irvin, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.nellpainter.com/publications.html" target="_blank">Creating Black Americans</a>:
African-American History and Its Meanings 1619 to the Present</i>, Oxford
University Press, 2006.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Phelts, Marsha
Dean, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An American Beach for African
Americans</i>, The University Press of Florida, 1997. </span><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Robinson,
Randall, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.randallrobinson.com/debt.html" target="_blank">The Debt: What America Owes toBlacks</a></i>, Dutton, 2000. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Thandeka, <a href="http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/learning-to-be-white-9780826412928/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Learning to Be White: Money, Race, and</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God in America</i></a>, Continuum, 1999.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Walker, Alice, <a href="http://alicewalkersgarden.com/books/the-way-forward-is-with-a-broken-heart/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Way Forward is With a Broken Heart</i>,</a>
Random House, 2000.</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">West, Cornel, <a href="http://www.cornelwest.com/books.html#.VYg83PlViko" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Race Matters</i>,</a> Beacon Press, 1993.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Wilkerson,
Isabel, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://isabelwilkerson.com/" target="_blank">The Warmth of Other Suns</a>: the
Epic Story of America’s Great Migration</i>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vintage Books, 2011. (</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Beautifully written, Pulitzer Prize-winning stories of <span style="background: white; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">the decades-long
migration of black citizens fleeing the South in search of a better life.)</span><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Williams,
Patricia J., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://us.macmillan.com/seeingacolorblindfuture/patriciajwilliams" target="_blank">Seeing a Color-Blind Future:</a>
The Paradox of Race</i>, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1997.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Woodson, Carter
G., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.asalh.net/miseducation.html" target="_blank">Mis-education of the Negro</a></i>,
Associated Publishers, 1969. Originally published in 1933.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"> DVDs</span></h3>
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<a href="http://teacher.shop.pbs.org/product/index.jsp?productId=17014416&cp=&sr=1&kw=the+abolitionists&origkw=the+abolitionists&parentPage=search" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">TheAbolitionists</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> Dramatization of the movement to abolish slavery.</span> <span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(pbs.org documentary)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>The Book of Negroes</i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Black Entertainment Television [BET] original movie; story of a woman captured in Africa and enslaved prior to America's Revolutionary War.) </span></span></div>
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where wealthy white men and a few light-skinned free blacks select mixed-race women
as mistresses.</span></span></span></div>
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</span>
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</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Huey P. Newton: Prelude to a Revolution </span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(documentary)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>Lackawanna Blues</i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(a play by Ruben Santiago-Hudson makes a compelling drama about a rooming house in Lackawanna, NY)</span></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
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<br /></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"></span>
<br />
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Sr., a successful actor, singer, football player, and lawyer, vilified
for his uncompromising advocacy of
equality</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">.)</span> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://newsreel.org/video/RACE-THE-POWER-OF-AN-ILLUSION" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Race: The Power of an Illusion </i>(California Newsreel film carefully explains and documents the artifice of racial categorizations.)</span><i><br /></i></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><a href="http://teacher.shop.pbs.org/product/index.jsp?productId=2571197" target="_blank"><i>Scottsboro: An American Tragedy</i></a> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(documentary about young black men falsely accused of raping two white women) </span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<![endif]-->lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-19227870661160035712014-12-09T21:58:00.000-08:002014-12-10T10:29:14.280-08:00A Call for White Responsibility from a White Man<span style="font-size: small;">Following is the most succinct and precise description of white privilege I've ever read, written by a dear friend, in fact our families are friends. It is must reading for all whites who don't understand all the attention and outrage over the murders of unarmed black men by the police. </span><span style="font-size: small;"> Enjoy!</span><br />
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">White Privilege Equals White Responsibility</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">by <a href="http://nextadventure.com/our-story/jeremy/" target="_blank">Jeremy Townsend</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When
I was 12, I was arrested for popping hood ornaments off of Mercedes and
Cadillacs to hang on my fake gold chains. When I was 15, I was arrested for
shoplifting a scrimshaw tobacco pipe from a shop at the mall. When I was 20, I
was arrested for shoplifting a cordless phone <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">fr</span>om a department store. These are the times I got caught.<br />
<br />
When I was 34, I applied for a job and stated with confidence that I’d never
been convicted of any crime. I’m white, and even though I smoked weed,
shoplifted, ran red-lights and littered, society saw more value in me than if I
had been black. I’m not proud of it; I’m just lucky.<br />
<br />
If I had been black, I would have never gotten a pre-trial diversion, a
deferred adjudication or any type of leniency from the system. I would have had
a record, and I would have had far less opportunity, and I would have never
gotten that job that asked if I had been convicted of a crime, and my life
would be wildly different today.<br />
<br />
I’m white, and I’m terrified of cops. I know what it feels like to have my
physical freedom arrested by a police officer. I know what it’s like to be
bullied, harassed and put up against a wall by a cop, but I have no idea what
it’s like to be black.<br />
<br />
I get tense if I pass a cop on the sidewalk, I get flooded with adrenaline and
anger when I get pulled over. I know they can do anything to me. In spite of
whatever personal rights I might be guaranteed by law, I know they can exercise
their authority on my freedom, they can and will intimidate me, and I will
operate from a position of fear.<br />
<br />
The difference is that while I fear and distrust cops, I live with the
confidence that in the eyes of society, for no other reason than the color of
my skin, my life is considered more valuable than if I were black. <br />
<br />
Let’s imagine that cop is having a bad day, let’s imagine I don’t wanna be
fucked with. The cop wants to put me in my place, and I don’t wanna be put in
that place. Things escalate, and something happens to me like what has happened
to Eric Garner or Mike Brown or Oscar Grant.<br />
<br />
I’m white, and I know that in the unlikely event that I am a victim of police
brutality, society in general and my “community” will demand that someone be
held accountable, that changes be made and that it never happens again.<br />
<br />
The painful and terrifying truth is that American society considers my white
body and my white life as more valuable than if I were black.<br />
<br />
There is a moment in the Eric Garner video when Officer Pantaleo starts to grab
Eric Garner in a way that he would never feel entitled to grab me, and that is
the moment that has to change in America. The moment the officer felt entitled
to exercise force on Eric Garner’s body is unacceptable and pervasive
throughout the Black American experience, and it has to change. <br />
<br />
When the other officer is pressing Eric Garner’s face into the sidewalk, when
the EMTs don’t try to help, when it takes 36 hours to get an official statement
from Darren Wilson, when there are no batteries in the camera to document the
crime scene, when no one is held responsible, when there is nothing that could
be done, when all we have are condolences, when they are all just sad,
unfortunate, tragic and isolated events, when politicians, civic leaders,
police commissioners, and average white American citizens don’t demand that
someone be held accountable, the truth that black lives don’t matter in America
is proven and perpetuated.<br />
<br />
Maybe we can’t get an indictment, but these incidents expose a far greater
systemic racism that we have to address, and white people must demand that it
be addressed.<br />
<br />
White people in power who are responsible for these cops and these policies and
these tragic accidents must GO TO JAIL. They must be reprimanded, they must be
shamed, they must be fired, they must be exposed as the most immediate place
where we can do better. <br />
<br />
The systemic fear of large unarmed black men, the poor decisions, the ongoing
use of excessive force must be deemed completely reprehensible, unacceptable,
and we as grossly over-privileged white people must give notice to the police
forces and public officials of America that we will not stand for it anymore.<br />
<br />
Call your local police chiefs, your local district attorney, your local
politicians, and let them know that you are giving them notice, that if they
allow another tragic accident like what has been happening to unarmed black men
across America, you will be in the street, knocking on their door and demanding
their resignations.</span></div>
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<![endif]-->lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-10316137009513325672014-12-04T12:37:00.000-08:002014-12-09T15:13:20.465-08:00"If black folks weren't breathing, we wouldn't have to kill them."<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">That's the message I got today from former NY Police Commissioner Ray Kelly as he participated on <i><a href="https://news.yahoo.com/katie-couric-special-report-on-race-in-america-171003730.html" target="_blank">Katie Couric's Yahoo News</a></i> show. I was watching the show for the first time ever because my son <a href="http://wkamaubell.com/" target="_blank">W. Kamau Bell</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> was part of a panel</span><span style="font-size: large;"> along with Dion </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="_5yl5" data-reactid=".4s.$mid=11417847713457=2b0f90850efa05ef942.2:0.0.0.0.0"><span data-reactid=".4s.$mid=11417847713457=2b0f90850efa05ef942.2:0.0.0.0.0.0"><span data-reactid=".4s.$mid=11417847713457=2b0f90850efa05ef942.2:0.0.0.0.0.0.$end:0:$0:0">Rabouin</span></span></span>, a writer for <a href="http://www.theroot.com/?reload=true" target="_blank"><i>The Root</i></a> and Kelly discussing the non-indictments of police officers who kill unarmed black males. Except Kelly's recurring theme, as has been the case for all apologists for these travesties, is that these police murders are our own fault, meaning blacks, of course. He was quite satisfied "explaining" these police murders by perpetuating the myth that there are "more crimes in the black community." That's why the police have to do a lot of stopping and frisking in black neighborhoods which sometimes leads to the need to kill somebody. Oh well....</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">For those of you who may not understand, please know that <i>crime does not occur </i>when the police aren't looking. However, when the police are around ALL THE TIME, they see every little thing, like Michael Brown's jay-walking, for example. Or, they make a thing out of something like Eric Garner standing quietly on the sidewalk. I live in a town and a neighborhood that is predominately white. I have lived on this street for twelve years and seen a police car here TWO TIMES in 12 years. They were called in because of domestic situations. <b>The police do not patrol</b>. I suppose this means no crimes are committed in this vicinity. I've seen evidence of someone trying to jimmy coins from the laundromat, heard of bicycles and other property being stolen, but the police didn't see it, so no crime was committed.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">When these same things happen in predominately black neighborhoods, the police are there--ALWAYS patrolling, watching, picking up and locking up young black boys who <i>look</i> suspicious. And they all look suspicious with their hoodies, sagging pants and dark skins. Sometimes, when these boys </span><span style="font-size: large;">don't go quietly</span><span style="font-size: large;"> because they are not doing anything wrong, they have to be killed. After all they should know better than to talk back to the police! Or, sometimes they are not even given the opportunity to talk back because they are killed on sight, like Tamir Rice. He was killed instantly by a police officer who had previously been ruled "<a href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-cleveland-tamir-rice-timothy-loehmann-20141203-story.html" target="_blank">unfit for duty</a>."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The police and other law enforcement officials also did not "see" the
crimes committed by banks and other financial institutions that led to
the calamitous economic crisis of 2007-08 and ruined the lives of tens of thousands of people. And since law enforcement didn't see them doing it,
that means no crimes were committed. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">It is this glaring and hypocritical disparity in the FOCUS of the police and the PERSPECTIVE of other authorities that many people refer to as "white privilege." We are under surveillance. Whites are not. And even <a href="http://www.theroot.com/blogs/the_grapevine/2014/12/_crimingwhilewhite_white_people_confess_to_crimes_they_ve_gotten_away_after.html" target="_blank">when whites commit crimes</a> in the presence of police, the response is often, "Aw shucks."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">I believe there are people in many police departments who actually want to protect and serve. However, I also believe that because of the <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/04/us/cleveland-justice-department-police-excessive-force/index.html?hpt=hp_t1" target="_blank"><i>above-the-law culture</i></a> cultivated in police departments and <b>upheld by justice systems</b> around the country, that ALL police of every color and inclination are infected by that culture. Some officers may refuse to actually participate in killing and brutalizing citizens, but they stand by and quietly back up those who do.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The police are hired and trained by those in power to do their dirty work--maintain order, break up labor strikes, intimidate and brutalize protestors, maintain the oppression of the poor so they don't forget their place and organize for a higher minimum wage. In black neighborhoods they are indeed, as the Black Panthers described them in the Sixties, an Occupying Army. An army that now has military uniforms, equipment and weapons.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">This kind of dirty work attracts certain types of people; bitter angry folks with grievances. Attracts those who feel stronger and more secure with a gun on their hip and a baton swinging from their belt. Those who join the force to protect and serve, if they are truly self-possessed, will resist the prevailing culture, but then they usually stand by in quiet support of those who don't resist.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Kelly kept telling us what black people need to do to stop crime in their communities. (I guess whites are really good at stopping crime in their communities so that's why the police aren't needed there.) Kelly believes the </span><span style="font-size: large;">only </span><span style="font-size: large;">responsibility of </span><span style="font-size: large;">police is to hire more "diverse" officers. (He's learned that the only color that matters within that culture is blue.) We all know that's not the solution, and </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="_5yl5" data-reactid=".4s.$mid=11417847713457=2b0f90850efa05ef942.2:0.0.0.0.0"><span data-reactid=".4s.$mid=11417847713457=2b0f90850efa05ef942.2:0.0.0.0.0.0"><span data-reactid=".4s.$mid=11417847713457=2b0f90850efa05ef942.2:0.0.0.0.0.0.$end:0:$0:0">Rabouin, </span></span></span>the writer from <i>The Root</i> said so explicitly, citing the Atlanta police force. Bell said, "This is not something to be resolved between the black community and the police. This affects the entire country."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">He is absolutely correct. The police are the most lethal and brutal of America's expression of systemic racism, but the racism can be found anywhere as evidenced in this situation by Kelly's refusal to listen to what a couple of black men were saying directly to him. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Members of our highest body of elected officials, the U.S. Congress, openly flaunt their racism (and sexism) and their lead is followed by media pundits and many others spewing explicit racist venom. Murdering blacks (and the indigenous "Indians" and Hispanics, especially in the part of this country that used to be Mexico) with impunity is an integral and intimate part of American history. It has always been thus. Blacks were deliberately criminalized in the "north" as they always had been in the south, <a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674062115" target="_blank">to facilitate reconciliation</a> between the two sides after the Civil War. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The lack of consequences for the murderers of black men is nothing new. What is new, and I am grateful for this, is that the outrage is no longer confined to immediate family members and to black people. A significant number of people all over the country and of all colors are saying: "ENOUGH!"</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">For more of my opinions on America's racial issues and other topics, see my new collection of essays, <i>Not All Poor People Are Black and other things we need to </i><b>think</b><i> more about.</i> Copies are available <a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/" target="_blank">here</a> and on Amazon. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-54686735523589658332014-02-23T09:53:00.000-08:002014-02-23T09:53:31.622-08:00YERTLE THE TURTLE by Dr. Seuss<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Dr. Seuss wrote this in 1950, but it is a vivid description of</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">our current situation. It also indicates the absurdity of </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">the</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">obedience</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> of all the other turtles doing the bidding of </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Yertle (the 1%). Fortunately, some of the turtles on whom</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">the 1% rely </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">are beginning to burp.</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">On the far-away island of Sala-ma-Sond,
Yertle the Turtle was king of the pond.
A nice little pond. It was clean. It was neat.
The water was warm. There was plenty to eat. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The turtles had everything turtles might need.
And they were all happy. Quite happy indeed.
They were... until Yertle, the king of them all, </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Decided the kingdom he ruled was too small. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I'm ruler", said Yertle, "of all that I see.
But I don't see enough. That's the trouble with me.
With this stone for a throne, I look down on my pond </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But I cannot look down on the places beyond.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This throne that I sit on is too, too low down.
It ought to be higher!" he said with a frown.
"If I could sit high, how much greater I'd be!
What a king! I'd be ruler of all that I see!" </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So Yertle, the Turtle King, lifted his hand
And Yertle, the Turtle King, gave a command.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">He ordered nine turtles to swim to his stone
And, using these turtles, he built a new throne. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">He made each turtle stand on another one's back
And he piled them all up in a nine-turtle stack.
And then Yertle climbed up. He sat down on the pile.
What a wonderful view! He could see 'most a mile!</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"All mine!" Yertle cried. "Oh, the things I now rule!
I'm the king of a cow! And I'm the king of a mule!
I'm the king of a house! And, what's more, beyond that
I'm the king of a blueberry bush and a cat!</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I'm Yertle the Turtle! Oh, marvelous me!
For I am the ruler of all that I see!"
And all through the morning, he sat up there high
Saying over and over, "A great king am I!" </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Until 'long about noon. Then he heard a faint sigh.
"What's that?" snapped the king
And he looked down the stack.
And he saw, at the bottom, a turtle named Mack.
Just a part of his throne. And this plain little turtle
Looked up and he said,</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Beg your pardon, King Yertle.
I've pains in my back and my shoulders and knees.
How long must we stand here, Your Majesty, please?" </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"SILENCE!" the King of the Turtles barked back.
"I'm king, and you're only a turtle named Mack."
"You stay in your place while I sit here and rule. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I'm the king of a cow! And I'm the king of a mule!
I'm the king of a house! And a bush! And a cat!
But that isn't all. I'll do better than that!
My throne shall be higher!" his royal voice thundered,
"So pile up more turtles! I want 'bout two hundred!" </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Turtles! More turtles!" he bellowed and brayed.
And the turtles 'way down in the pond were afraid.
They trembled. They shook. But they came. They obeyed.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">From all over the pond, they came swimming by dozens.
Whole families of turtles, with uncles and cousins.
And all of them stepped on the head of poor Mack.
One after another, they climbed up the stack.
Then Yertle the Turtle was perched up so high,
He could see forty miles from his throne in the sky!</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Hooray!" shouted Yertle. "I'm the king of the trees!
I'm king of the birds! And I'm king of the bees!
I'm king of the butterflies! King of the air!
Ah, me! What a throne! What a wonderful chair!
I'm Yertle the Turtle! Oh, marvelous me!
For I am the ruler of all that I see!" </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Then again, from below, in the great heavy stack,
Came a groan from that plain little turtle named Mack.
"Your Majesty, please... I don't like to complain,
But down here below, we are feeling great pain. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I know, up on top you are seeing great sights,
But down here at the bottom we, too, should have rights.
We turtles can't stand it. Our shells will all crack!
Besides, we need food. We are starving!" groaned Mack. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"You hush up your mouth!" howled the mighty King Yertle.
"You've no right to talk to the world's highest turtle.
I rule from the clouds! Over land! Over sea!
There's nothing, no, NOTHING, that's higher than me!"
But, while he was shouting, he saw with surprise
That the moon of the evening was starting to rise
Up over his head in the darkening skies. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"What's THAT?" snorted Yertle. "Say, what IS that thing
That dares to be higher than Yertle the King?
I shall not allow it! I'll go higher still!
I'll build my throne higher! I can and I will!
I'll call some more turtles. I'll stack 'em to heaven!
I need 'bout five thousand, six hundred and seven!" </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But, as Yertle, the Turtle King, lifted his hand
And started to order and give the command, </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">That plain little turtle below in the stack,
That plain little turtle whose name was just Mack,
Decided he'd taken enough. And he had.
And that plain little lad got a bit mad.
And that plain little Mack did a plain little thing. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">He burped!
And his burp shook the throne of the king!
And Yertle the Turtle, the king of the trees,
The king of the air and the birds and the bees,
The king of a house and a cow and a mule...
Well, that was the end of the Turtle King's rule!</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">For Yertle, the King of all Sala-ma-Sond,
Fell off his high throne and fell Plunk! in the pond!
And to say the great Yertle, that Marvelous he,
Is King of the Mud. That is all he can see.
And the turtles, of course... all the turtles are free </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">As turtles and, maybe, all creatures should be.</span></span>lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-53489113672189336422013-11-17T12:34:00.000-08:002013-11-18T13:07:39.628-08:00The cancelling of Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Every time I think of the fact that<i> Totally Biased </i>has been cancelled, I get a little teary-eyed. I will miss it sooooo much. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">For one thing, it was a way to see my son, who lives a thousand miles away, every day. I didn't even have television before he got his own show. Oh, I had a television monitor, but I used it to watch the DVDs I rented from Netflix. The few television shows I wanted to see--<i>Bill Moyers Journal, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart</i>--I watched online.</span></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">But when <i>Totally Biased</i> started in August 2012, I ordered cable. Not only would I watch as it was telecast, but I watched each show repeatedly on On Demand.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I enjoyed so much the <i>Totally Biased</i> perspective on the news, but I learned a lot as well.</span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I learned the difference between Sikhs and Sheiks (although I did know that Sikhs were not Muslims); and the difference between sex and gender. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I loved "No More Mr. Nice Gay" and everything Hari Kondabolu did. And Citizen Dwayne Kennedy said <i>exactly</i> what I would have said in the Civil War re-enactment and the touching of black hair segments. The street interviews were absolutely wonderful as well as being hilarious.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Moving a show that's just getting established from one to five days a week and then sending it off to a brand-new network that nobody could find was NOT smart. <a href="http://www.salon.com/2013/11/14/totally_biased_the_show_that_actually_looked_like_america/" target="_blank">Anoosh Jorjorian </a>explains the foolishness of it better than I can. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="http://www.wkamaubell.com/archives/2240" target="_blank">Like my son</a>,</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> however,</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> I am grateful that FX gave thousands more people a chance to discover his unique talent. As this journey ends, we begin a new one.</span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Life is full of unexpected turns; that's why it's so exciting.</span></span>lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-29208777451657993872013-11-17T11:48:00.000-08:002013-11-17T11:48:32.003-08:00What is THE black community?<h3>
A few months ago when Dr. Dre gave the University of Southern California (USC) $35 million, he was roundly denounced by a number of black folk. Walter Kimbrough, president of an historically black university, Dillard University, explained his misgivings in <a href="http://allhiphop.com/2013/05/23/dillard-president-asks-dr-dre-why-he-gave-35-million-to-usc-and-not-a-black-college/" target="_blank">this column</a>. Dr. Kimbrough makes some compelling points, but still I was left with some questions. These are questions I've had before and will no doubt have again, but I'm sharing them here to see if anyone has any answers.</h3>
<h3>
<br /></h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
What is THE black community? </h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Who belongs to it?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Is the criteria for membership determined by the individual, or by the group?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Is it possible to create a "community" out of a group of people because they have been oppressed on the basis of their skin color?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
What if Dr. Dre considers himself a member of another community?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Do black people have a right to expect certain behavior from other blacks any more than whites have a right to expect certain behavior from us?</h3>
lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-76746983764918046902013-05-19T12:57:00.000-07:002013-05-19T12:58:43.052-07:00No Visible Gray Hair"There is no visible gray hair on the heads of any of the 16 female United States senators, ages 46 to 74.”<br />
<br />
I watched Book TV today and learned about a book I hadn't heard of, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/23/books/review/Bazelon-t.html?_r=0" target="_blank"><i>The Beauty Bias: The Injustice of Appearance in Life and Law </i>by Deborah Rhode</a>, a law professor at Stanford University. Rhode says, "Cosmetic surgery has quadrupled over the last decade. Women still wear stiletto heels that ruin their feet and backs and buy any wrinkle-smoothing cream for any price."<br />
<br />
I have long thought that once women achieved a measure of freedom from having their movements and finances completely controlled by men, the new method of control became fashion and makeup. Susan Faludi writes about this in detail in her book <a href="http://susanfaludi.com/backlash.html" target="_blank"><i>Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women</i></a> published in 1991. This latest method of control makes women lack confidence in the way they look and fear censure if they don't dress in the latest fashions. This is more treacherous than earlier control mechanisms because it comes in the guise of "making you feel better about yourself." It is also insidious because women themselves are major proponents of the "beauty rules," often policing one another. <br />
<br />
I am old enough to remember when most "decent" women did not wear makeup. Red lipstick on the mouth and rouge on the cheeks were the calling card of prostitutes. Blood engorged lips and cheeks are a signal of sexual arousal, so it made sense for women selling sex to imitate arousal as a way of enticing customers. I also remember when stiletto heels were the reserve of pornographic magazines.<br />
<br />
Now, of course, both these indicators of sexuality are de rigueur for any fashionable woman, no matter her age. Most women, including those elected to high national office, feel bound by these requirements of "femininity." <br />
<br />
Fortunately, this demand that women look and dress within these confines is not legally binding so one woman at a time, we have the option of releasing ourselves from this tyranny. lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-8811508483862998862013-03-20T10:09:00.000-07:002013-03-20T10:09:34.778-07:00Being White in Philly: A responseI congratulate Robert Huber for being white and actually talking about race, a subject usually avoided by most whites except racists and university sociologists who are "studying the problem."<br />
<br />
Huber is apparently confused as to why, after he has lived in a neighborhood that is predominantly African American and is careful to be cautious and polite in his encounters with blacks, Philadelphia remains largely segregated with 31% of its black population below the poverty line. Oh, and yeah, Philadelphia has had black mayors for 25 years and we now have a black president, yet nothing seems to have changed for blacks. In one sentence he dismisses the generations of discrimination that blacks still deal with because he is discussing the issue that race is for whites.<br />
<br />
What Huber apparently fails to understand is that racism in the U.S. is <i>historic and systemic, </i>an issue for the entire country because we all live here together. Any examination of race/racism in the United States of America has to
begin with slavery and its legacy; otherwise the discussion is
meaningless. You can no more examine the issue of race while ignoring its source than you can discuss alcoholism on Native American Indian reservations without factoring in the genocide perpetrated against them.<br />
<br />
John Edgar Wideman, who grew up in Philadelphia, has a lot to say about racism in his book <i>Fatheralong</i>, published in 1994, but this statement sums up the insidiousness of racism.<br />
<br />
"Of
all the weapons devised to conquer and subjugate the lands beyond
Europe, the most effective ...
is the concept of race. The paradigm of race located within its
victims the causes and justification of the victim's plight. Thus the
oppressed, to the degree they internalized the message of race became
active agents of their own oppression."<br />
<br />
I write more about America's intractable racism in my forthcoming book, <i>Not All Poor People Are Black</i>, to be published later this year.<br />
<br />
By the way, I wonder if Huber has statistics on the percentage of whites living below the poverty line in Philly?<br />
<br />
lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-55300675772507822582013-01-10T15:26:00.000-08:002013-01-10T15:26:22.688-08:00TWO MOVIES ABOUT SLAVERY: LINCOLN and DJANGO UNCHAINED<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">When I was
a child, my mother told me the only reason my brother kept calling me names was
because he could get a rise out of me. “If you ignore him,” she said, “he’ll
stop.” She was right. So I learned it’s what I answer to that matters more than
what you call me.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I may not have seen <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Django Unchained</i> if the movie had not
generated such controversy. There was angry talk about the number of times
“nigger” was used--somebody counted and said it was more than a hundred. Spike
Lee said he wouldn’t see it because it would offend his ancestors. Others were
outraged that Brunhilde (Kerry Washington’s character) was a “helpless female”
needing rescue. (If she had been the proverbial “strong black woman” fighting
to get her husband back, we would have complained about that as well.)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I thought <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Django Unchained</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was fun and
funny. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When I heard the contemporary music playing,
I knew it was not a serious movie, so I relaxed. I’ve seen a couple of Quentin Tarantino
movies and I was more disturbed by the prospect of his signature mayhem than I
was about how many times “nigger” would be uttered.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This movie is an ironic spoof of
slavery. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beloved</i> (1998) was a serious
film treatment of slavery and nobody saw it. Tarantino knows what kind of movie
puts butts in the seats: lots of big blasting guns, explosions, blood flowing
freely, a damsel in distress, an invincible hero who has close calls, but whom
we know will triumph in the end; and, with tongue firmly in cheek, anachronisms
all over the place. In other words, Tarantino made a typical Hollywood
adventure film. What was atypical is that it was set within slavery and the
last man standing was black. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Yes,
Tarantino mocked the travesty that was slavery, but he also showed the cruelty and
absurdity of it. I much prefer that to having slavery being denied or lied
about. And there were several moments of hilarity. The night riders who
couldn’t see through their ineptly made hoods was a scream. The sadistic slaver
who “owned” Brunhilde called his plantation “Candyland;” a silly parody of the
pastoral names given to the estates of traders in human flesh. I hooted when, after
all the whites around him were dead, Samuel Jackson’s character dropped his
cane, straightened his back and stopped acting servile. I also laughed when
Tarantino’s own character wound up as a hole in the ground, victim of one of
the explosions. It was escapist, cathartic entertainment.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The film <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lincoln,</i> on the other hand, is serious and can be faulted for
ignoring important aspects of history pertinent to the story. I believe the
movie has resonated with so many, as it did with me, because nearly 150 years
ago the U.S. Congress was as sharply polarized as it is today, and along nearly
the same lines. This is a movie for those who love the gamesmanship of politics.
Unfortunately, by focusing solely on the white male elected officials who
finally managed to make traffic in human lives illegal in the United States,
Spielberg has denied agency to the many others who forced this political
battle. This is particularly obvious and painful because those who are ignored,
not even given the courtesy of a line of conversation, are those who are historically
marginalized in this society that reserves power for wealthy white males.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Briefly, these people are Quakers
who were resisting slavery in the seventeenth century; abolitionists who
labored for decades to change public opinion from acceptance of slavery to
abhorrence for it. One of the most eloquent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass,
met with President Lincoln to convince him to allow blacks to fight in the
Union Army. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/27/opinion/lincolns-use-of-politics-for-noble-ends.html?_r=0" target="_blank"><span>Eric Foner</span></a>, professor of
history at Columbia University, said, “The 13th Amendment originated not with
Lincoln but with a petition campaign early in 1864 organized by the Women’s
National Loyal League, an organization of abolitionist feminists headed by
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.” To not even
mention Douglass or the Women’s National Loyal League in this movie is
inexcusable. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span><div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span> </span>However, I am pleased to see a
serious, major American movie admit that the Civil War, this country’s most
pivotal event, was fought over whether or not the U.S. would continue to hold
other humans in bondage. For a very long time the country has been in denial
about that.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> <span></span><span></span>The capture, enslavement of, and commerce in the
bodies of people of African descent went on for hundreds of years, and the
fallout from that trauma continues to the present day. It will hound us and haunt
us until we face it, talk about it and accept it as a tragic part of our
history. Despite their flaws, these
two popular movies, the latest of <a href="http://colorlines.com/archives/2013/01/slavery_in_film.html" target="_blank">several Hollywood attempts</a> to present that brutal experience on film, at least have the country talking about an enormous and critical subject that we usually avoid.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-11175496247759810942012-08-24T08:54:00.000-07:002012-08-24T08:54:56.239-07:00LEGITMATE RAPE<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Last night's episode of <i>Totally Biased with</i> (my son) <i>W. Kamau Bell</i>, opened with a wry comment on Todd Akin's faux paus about the inability of women to get pregnant when they are "legitimately raped." Bell said if that were true, "Why are there so many light-skinned folk in Alabama?" And he could have added, "Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Virginia, North Carolina, the U.S. of A."</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Then it hit me: RAPE WAS LEGITIMATE DURING SLAVERY! That's why we have such a large number of light-skinned folk in this country. In order to increase the number of slaves, and his net worth, the progeny born of the white master's rape of an enslaved woman, was always black, another slave, never counted as white or bi-racial. THIS RAPE WAS LEGITIMATE! </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;">There wasn't a court in the country that would have prosecuted any white man for forcing any woman to have sex. <span>The custom (and it may as well have been the law) was that white men could do as
they pleased with any woman—black, white, married, or single. With a powerful
white male protector some women were immune from being considered fair game,
but any black man who objected to the exploitation or abuse of a woman could be
killed with impunity. </span>RAPE WAS LEGITIMATE! </span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span>W.E.B.
Du Bois, the scholar, historian, and activist who was a founder of the NAACP
put it this way. “To the ordinary American or Englishman, the race question at
bottom is simply a matter of <b>ownership of women</b>; white men want the right to
use all women, colored and white.” </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The <b>ownership of women</b>. This is what the Republican War on Women is all about: returning to the days when powerful men could do as they wished with women; to the days when RAPE WAS LEGITIMATE. Todd Akin's casual remark merely referred to what they've been doing for some time now with their attacks on Planned Parenthood, trying to criminalize abortion, forcing pregnant women to have unnecessary procedures. Todd Akin did not step out of line; he merely reiterated Republican policy. This is nothing new. It's a significant plank in their platform for the 2012 election. Todd Akin simply made it crystal clear that the Republicans want to return to the days when RAPE WAS LEGITIMATE.</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-28512931799700259982012-08-04T13:36:00.000-07:002012-08-04T13:40:48.993-07:00WHAT IS THE LEGAL DEFINITION OF MAN? OF WOMAN?<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">This was posted on Face Book and is worth sharing widely</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">written by </span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">Donna Simone Plamondon</span></span></h2>
<br />
<span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text"></span><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">One problem with defining
marriage as a union between one man and one woman is that there is NO
LEGAL DEFINITION of male or female. Go ahead - try to find one.<br /> <br /> My testimony to the Maryland State Legislature;<br /> <br />
"As a Transexual/Intersex person and a registered voter I urge you to
consider another perspective in the debate over Same Sex Marriage. If
Marriage is to remain being defined as a legal union between a man and a woman it would then require legislation on the legal definition of a man and a woman.<br /> <br />
As someone that has been affected by and studied sex/gender issues, it
became evident that not all women are chromosomally xx nor all men xy.
There are also xo, xxy, xyy and mosaic chromosomal karyotypes.
Kleinfelters, Turners and Androgen Insensitivity Syndromes as well as
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and 5-Alpha–reductase deficiency are but a
few naturally occurring phenomena that result in female bodied males
and male bodied females. Toxicologists are also recognizing the fact
that prenatal exposure to certain environmental chemicals with hormonal
properties as well as many commonly used medications for male pattern
baldness, prostate and heart diseases can result in incongruent
sex/genital development as well as ambiguent genitalia, intersex
conditions (hermaphroditism) and transsexuality. For over 40 years now
many babies born with ambiguous genitals are surgically corrected (?) to
female during infancy no matter what their sex karyotype.<br /> <br />
Scientists agree that 1.73% (1 in 58) of all babies born in the United
States have some degree of intersex condition. The number of subclinical
cases could at minimum double that percentage. Many of those conditions
are not realized until patients present to their doctors in puberty or
later with fertility issues. The medical community is reluctant to tell
patients due to the potential of destroying that persons relationships
and resulting in depression, anxiety and possible suicide. Instead they
pursue fertility treatments, invitro fertilization, egg and sperm
donors, or surrogate motherhood. If marriages were to be challenged in a
court of law and DNA used as evidence many now legal marriages would
need to be annulled.<br /> <br /> Everyone is born with the innate ability
to recognize their own gender no matter what genetic, medical or
environmental factors they have been exposed to. None of these
conditions are a choice for those affected. To exclude these people from
protections granted all other citizens is in direct opposition to
everything this country stands for. All citizens are entitled to the
pursuit of the "American Dream". .<br /> <br /> The original concept of the
marriage license was to ensure that the union was voluntary and as
societies blessing to those who choose to commit their lives to each
other. The real threat to our society is the rate at which babies are
being born outside of a committed, loving relationship. There are many
same sex couples that are totally capable of raising happy, healthy,
well adjusted children that will ultimately become productive members of
our society.<br /> <br /> Marriage licenses are given to convicted
murderers, child molesters and rapists. Are they more worthy of having
their relationships honored while denying the commitment and responsible
actions of same sex couples? If marriage is about procreation, why are
marriage licenses granted to infertile couples or those having no
intentions of having children?<br /> <br /> Let us not forget the dream of
the Pilgrims – those that originally risked all to travel to and settle
this country. They left their native lands due to religious rule and
intolerance. They had a vision of freedom for each individual to express
their religious beliefs and worship their GOD without interfering in or
being interfered by the beliefs of others - Freedom OF and Freedom FROM
religion.<br /> <br /> Let us not forget the basic principles shared by all
religions. PEACE, LOVE, GRACE and RESPECT for all that share this
planet we call home.<br /> <br /> If “marriage” has its roots in religion, I
believe, it is up to each individual church to decide who they will and
will not marry. It is NOT the governments business to legislate
religious policy. It IS the right of every human being to have their
love and commitment recognized by civil law as equal in all respect to
that of a religious marriage."<br /> <br /> </span>lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-4515384115910795912012-07-20T11:16:00.001-07:002012-07-20T11:17:04.397-07:00WHICH DO WE PREFER: GUNS OR VOTES?In several states in this country, the question posed above has been answered. In those states, it is easier to purchase and use a gun than it is to exercise your right to vote. In these states, guns may be purchased WITHOUT government-issued photo identification. In some places no identification of any kind is required to purchase a gun. In addition, it is lawful to carry these guns anywhere you go, including schools and movie theaters.<br />
<br />
However, in many states, if you want to vote, you must have a copy of your birth certificate, social security card, marriage license and whatever other items the state requires to issue you a photo ID. In other words, obtaining a voter ID is inconvenient, costly and time consuming, but buying a gun is simple and easy. That includes assault rifles with clips carrying multiple rounds so you can
kill and maim lots of people quickly without having to re-load.<br />
<br />
What do such laws say about the "land of the free and the home of the brave"?lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-78183995434305256972012-05-11T08:29:00.000-07:002012-05-11T08:29:59.412-07:00Admitting My Own RacismToday, when I walked into the locker room at the Y after my exercise, I entered a tense scene. A Y staffer had just admonished a woman for spanking her daughter. The staffer said another woman in the locker room had been upset by the spanking and reported her to the staff. The little girl (who looked to be about five years old) was sniffling. Her mother was outraged that someone had reported her for disciplining her child and she loudly demanded of the woman who reported her.<br />
<br />
"Are you telling me how I should discipline my child when she's misbehaving and talking back?"<br />
<br />
The other woman quietly responded, "Perhaps you should not do it in a public place. There are other children here and they were upset by it."<br />
<br />
"I have to punish her when she does something, not wait two hours and say, 'Now I'm going to punish you for what you did earlier.'"<br />
<br />
The conversation went on in this vein for a couple of minutes. I did not get involved, although my heart was engaged. Why? Because the mother defending her actions was definitely not white; she wasn't African-American, but her skin was as brown as mine. The woman who reported her was white. I wanted to tell the brown woman that she did not have to explain herself to that nosy white woman who was undoubtedly acting out of her perceived white privilege and authority. Would she have reported a white woman for spanking her child, I asked myself indignantly. <br />
<br />
After I gathered my things and left. I thought about my reaction.<br />
<br />
My first thought was that I don't believe in disciplining children in front of others. I did spank my child when he was very young, largely because that's how I was reared, except that we got whippings with belts and switches. However, I never did it in front of anyone. I was interested in teaching him, not humiliating him.<br />
<br />
Because I changed my mind about corporeal punishment a long time ago, my second thought was, "I'm not sure how I would have reacted if I had seen the mother hitting her child." By the time my son was a tall, sturdy six-year-old, it occurred to me that in order for my spankings to have any meaning, any force, I'd have to hit him really hard with something other than my hand. Once in a rage, I hit him with my umbrella. He looked so hurt by my anger that I was flooded with shame. It occurred to me that using physical force on a child is an attempt to break the child's spirit. That was not my intent. I wanted my son to reach his full potential, so I never hit him again. Instead, I figured out what meant the most to him and deprived him of that when I felt discipline was necessary. Fortunately, I was blessed with an extraordinary child who rarely required restraints, even as a teenager.<br />
<br />
My next thought was that if I had seen the mother spanking her child and been disturbed by it, I would not have interfered unless I thought the child's limbs or life were in danger. Why? Because <span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">the relationship between a
parent and child is unique (even siblings have distinct relationships
with each parent) and it is built from birth forward, not on one
incident. I wouldn't think of telling someone else how to discipline
their child even if I knew all the details of their relationship, which
of course, you never do.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">Finally, </span>I did not witness the actual spanking, so I have no idea of the severity
of it, or how long it went on. I walked in just in time to receive a
lesson about my knee-jerk racist thoughts. <span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">My initial reaction was based solely on the skin color of the participants. Thankfully, I am conscious enough to check myself when I have racist thoughts, and more important, not to <i>act </i>on them.</span>lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-7173641952382860802012-05-08T18:28:00.003-07:002012-05-11T08:02:07.553-07:00The White Side: Entitlement Run AmuckSome whites, well actually quite a few of them, believe they know more about the racism I've encountered than I do! To my face they <i>dispute</i> the accuracy of MY experiences. I've run into this a lot since I wrote a <a href="http://www.janetcheathambell.com/_i_the_time_and_place_that_gave_me_life__i__indiana_university_press__2007_56571.htm" target="_blank">memoir</a> about coming of age in Indianapolis back in the day when being racist was standard operating procedure. In the book I describe the daily humiliating incidences of racism I had to live with, and tell how they shaped my outlook. I grew up during the 1940s and 1950s BEFORE the Civil Rights Movement displayed racism in action on the nightly news. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEX19zLQezU" target="_blank">The horror </a>of attack dogs chasing children and city water hoses nailing demonstrators to the side of buildings made some whites think that maybe racism was not such a good thing after all. <br />
<br />
I spoke to a book club whose members were all white and had read my book. One woman said she was "about my age" and had also grown up in Indianapolis. She belligerently insisted that she had never witnessed any of the racism I wrote about. I responded, "That doesn't surprise me since you're not black." But, she persisted, "There was a black family in our neighborhood and everybody was nice to them." That was her "side" of my story; "proof" that what <i>I had experienced </i>was not true! <br />
<br />
I wrote about what happened in the newly desegregated high school I attended. Other blacks who attended the same school while I was there told me about similar, though not identical incidents. (Though a few were actually identical.) Some schoolmates encountered less racial hostility than I, some more or about the same. But, not one of them said, "I don't believe you because nothing like that ever happened to me." There were also white former classmates who didn't deny my experience, but commiserated with me because they had no idea at the time what the black students were going through.<br />
<br />
One white male classmate, however (who went on to become a well-connected, prosperous lawyer), was <i>offended</i> by what I wrote. He never saw any of the things I wrote about and couldn't understand how I, who was reared with basically the same values he was, could have come up with such skewed ideas about our high school and home town. I repeat: he's a white male; I'm a black female, both of us born in the 1930s.<br />
<br />
Someone I once worked for emailed me that reading my book "creates an immediate urge to tell...your own story, or your side, or whatever." Of course he should tell his own story, but I wrote back that, "There are no <i>sides</i> in my story. It is an account of how I experienced the events of <i>my life</i> at that time." He also wrote that he would send me something to read that, "You probably will not like it...is somewhat autobiographical so I may get back at you." I don't understand his need to "get back" at me, but I asked him to send it. "It will either confirm or contradict my expectations and I welcome either outcome."<br />
<br />
It occurred to me that the people who want to tell their "side" are submerged in their whiteness and the belief that their view of the world is not just the right one, but the ONLY one. It's impossible for them to grasp that an experience that doesn't match theirs can be valid.<br />
<br />
Either that or they're hopelessly racist. <br />
<br />lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-7314054986019823012012-03-12T16:04:00.003-07:002012-03-12T16:30:39.802-07:00Real Tragedy Never Ends...Part 2In <a href="http://concreteloop.com/2012/03/news-unarmed-17-year-old-trayvon-martin-killed-by-neighborhood-watch-captain-sign-this-petition">Sanford, Florida</a>, a seventeen-year-old black boy, Trayvon Martin, was visiting his dad when he decided to walk to a convenience store. He was sauntering down the street when the captain of the local neighborhood watch, a man named George Zimmerman, decided that Trayvon looked "suspicious." (No one has ever said what was suspicious about Trayvon, so I am assuming it was his African ancestry.)<br /><br />Zimmerman called police to report the suspicious character soiling his neighborhood. The police instructed him to do nothing and wait until they could come and investigate. Apparently, Trayvon look so dangerous, Zimmerman couldn't wait for the police. In his car he followed the boy, confronted him, then killed him with the 9 mm concealed gun he had a permit to carry. When the police arrived, Zimmerman said he shot Trayvon in "self-defense."<br /><br />Trayvon was not armed and probably didn't even understand that the color of his skin could get him killed. Zimmerman, who is white, was not arrested.<br /><br />As soon as I heard this story, I knew immediately that the young man was black and the killer was white. How did I know this? Because it happens regularly somewhere in America and the white killer usually gets away with it.<br /><br />These kinds of stories remind me of two things I find despicable: America's love affair with guns and America's refusal to acknowledge and confront racism. I am sick of both of these issues. How many people will have to die before the racist monster is satiated?<br /><br />I am working hard to keep an open, loving heart, but stories like this infuriate me so that I know I have more work to do.lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-6034521273402175462012-02-12T13:54:00.001-08:002012-02-12T14:44:39.076-08:00Real Tragedy Never Ends...In his novel, <span style="font-style: italic;">No Longer at Ease</span>, Chinua Achebe, the Nigerian writer said, "Real tragedy never ends; it goes on hopelessly forever. Achebe was referring to a situation in Nigeria, but he could as easily been talking about racism in the U.S.<br /><br />In a Black History Month special, I spoke to the Bartholomew County Library in Columbus, Indiana. My talk was promoted as "From The Help's Point of View." (For my thoughts on <span style="font-style: italic;">The Help</span>, see another <a href="http://agingrace.blogspot.com/2011_09_01_archive.html">blog entry</a>.) I am writing here about a discussion on race, that perennially taboo subject, in a "mixed" group--meaning blacks and whites in the same room. I am actually weary of talking about <span style="font-style: italic;">The Help</span>, but the book/movie has obviously hit a nerve in America; two nerves, actually, one black, one white. Despite enormous progress, the U.S. is still a racially divided nation. It's just that the division is now no longer socially acceptable or legally viable.<br /><br />Most blacks know that the vast majority of whites <span style="font-style: italic;">never want to talk about racism</span>, so like them, I have often tiptoed around racial issues or broached them in a way designed not to offend delicate white sensibilities. In the words of one audience member, "We have swept racism under the rug for so long that the carpet has become too lumpy to walk on."<br /><br />I decided to do a little cleaning under the rug; to invite a candid discussion. The audience was small enough (about fifty people) and mixed enough (about ten blacks, one self-identified gay man, a Hispanic family and the remainder white) so that we could have a discussion and easily see who was speaking.<br /><br />I began by declaring that we are all the same, but perceive things differently because of the circumstances of our births and our particular experiences. I then asked how many people there had worked as domestic help--about four hands went up, one of them white. I asked how many had employed domestic help—about twenty hands went up, two of them black.<br /><br />I shared with the audience that most blacks saw <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Help, </i>both novel and movie as a sanitized version of what actually happened in Mississippi in the 1960s. At the time, blacks were being killed and mercilessly beaten for trying to register to vote, among other things. I also pointed out that despite the title, the book was Skeeter’s story, not the story of the help. Skeeter is the one who triumphs in the end. We don’t know what happens to the black women she leaves behind, yet the tremendous popularity of this book is an indication that most readers find this storyline quite satisfying. Several members of last night’s audience agreed that it was an inspiring book because Skeeter had helped the black women fight back.<br /><br />I discovered that many whites felt that by reading and enjoying <span style="font-style: italic;">The Help</span>, they now better understand blacks and have taken a step toward improved race relations. They did not want to hear that this “lovely, moving story” is barely credible. In their keen disappointment that I did not see it the same way, they accused me of making “too much” of a work of fiction; after all, one woman said, “It’s not a documentary.” My response was that millions of book sales and a popular movie had made much of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The Help. </i>I am merely trying to understand why this not-particularly-profound work of fiction has struck such a chord. The discussion went on from there even including the “N” words—nigger and Negro.<br /><br />I don't expect that any hearts or minds were changed, but we talked openly about racial misconceptions and the world did not explode. A bit of dust was cleared from under the carpet, but it's still plenty lumpy.<br /><br />Here are some of the memorable exchanges.<br /><br />A woman expressed her disappointment in my talk because she had come expecting to hear an "uplifting" story about how I went from being a maid to a successful writer.<br /><br />Another woman thought I was exceptionally brave to speak the truth about racism to a largely white audience, although she lamented she could tell it didn't do any good.<br /><br />When I was asked what Indiana was like while I was growing up in the forties and fifties, I responded, "It was as racist and segregated as anyplace below the Mason-Dixon line, except that there were no signs that said White and Colored." A woman on the front row who appeared younger than I am, felt privileged to interrupt me by shouting, "That's not true!" I asked if she was disputing the accuracy of <span style="font-style: italic;">my </span>experience. She said I was misrepresenting Indiana. In order to <span style="font-style: italic;">disprove</span> what I'd said, she told us a story. When she was a child her parents took the family to a Howard Johnsons somewhere in Indiana. There was a sign on the door that said No Negroes Allowed. When her parents saw the sign, they put the family back in the car and drove away. This should have been an ironically funny story, except that she was using it to "prove" that not all whites were racists because her parents weren't. Such are the distorted lenses through which race is viewed in America.<br /><br />Another exchange occurred when someone admonished me for talking about racism when things are so much better now. Then another member of the audience shared his experience of a month ago. He is a corporate exec who was calling on a client in Martinsville, Indiana when the building in which they were meeting was surrounded by Klan members in full regalia.<br /><br />The fact that he lived to tell the tale is an indication that things are indeed better now.lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3963534924589575864.post-30628871863784289512011-12-17T14:39:00.000-08:002011-12-17T14:51:39.385-08:00WRITING FOR MYSELF AND HOPING<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:relyonvml/> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> 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10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; line-height: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Better to write for yourself and have no public, than to write for the public and have no self.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></i><strong><span 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0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal;mso-outline-level:6" align="center"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";" >A response to “</span><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidifont-family:";" >Would the Bard Have Survived the Web?”</span></strong></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidifont-family:";" >by </span></strong><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >SCOTT TUROW, PAUL AIKEN and JAMES SHAPIRO</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal;mso-outline-level:6" align="center"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";" > </span><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidifont-family:";" >(<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/opinion/15turow.htm?_r=2">Feb. 14, 2011, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">NY Times</i></a>)</span></strong></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 200%"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";" > </span></b></span><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" >I am a member and admirer of the Authors Guild, and I understand why the Guild is challenging the new technology changing the book publishing industry as we have known it. In my opinion, however, this change is for the better. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 200%"><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" ><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>I write for two reasons: to discover who I am and then to share what I’ve discovered with as many people as are interested. In the words of my favorite writer, James Baldwin, my writing may hurt or offend my readers, “but in order for me to do it, it had to hurt me first. I can only tell you about yourself as much as I can face about myself.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’d also like to think that my writing does what Baldwin says it should:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>“excavate the experience of the people who produced [me]</span><span style="line-height:200%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-weight:boldfont-family:Calibri;font-size:100%;" >.”</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent: .5in;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" >I have had twelve books published; most of which are now out of print. I intend to republish some of my titles because a market still exists for them, just not enough of a market to matter to my New York publishers. By using the new technology to print copies as they are requested (Print-on-Demand), I can sell books via my website so long as I want. Or sell them as downloads to e-readers. My first book was self-published in 1986 when established publishers were not interested in my material for other reasons. Even then, without the Internet and POD, I sold more copies of the book I published myself than any major publisher sold of the titles they brought out. From that experience, I concluded that no other producer of my work will put as much effort into promoting my books as I will. Now that technological advances have made it easier for me to access potential customers, I am delighted. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 200%"><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" ><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Amazon and Google don’t frighten me because I am not a profit-making corporation. I see those two greedy behemoths as hatchets chopping away at the icebergs that have controlled the passage between creative artists and their audiences. I am happier for the greater exposure Amazon and Google provide for my work than I am concerned about abuses of copyright law. I know I live in a capitalist culture where “property” is nearly as sacred as life itself, but I want my “property” to reach as many eyes as possible. Major publishers’ need to satisfy stockholders and burnish bottom lines and that has always left “midlist” writers like me starving for attention and royalties. We “midlisters” don’t have much to lose from changes in the industry. Who knows, this may be the best thing that’s happened for us in a long time. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent: .5in;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" >I do understand why the best selling authors are disturbed; they actually get rich from their books—by sales to readers and/or from movie options. They stand to lose significant income. However, some of us are writing more for satisfaction than remuneration—writing primarily for the love of it because the money has not been forthcoming.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Consequently, we are not panicked that someone may copy a passage from one of our books and share it with other readers. In fact, I welcome it. The more people who find what I write compelling enough to share, the better I like it. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 200%"><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" ><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>I predict that the new technology will open more opportunities for the majority of writers, just as the digital era has increased opportunities for musicians, news broadcasters, and political dissenters. In an experiment, <a href="https://buy.louisck.net/">Louis CK</a>, a comedian, </span><span style="font-size:100%;">put out a brand new standup special, made it easy as possible to buy, download and enjoy, free of any restrictions. He wondered if, “Everyone [would] just go and steal it? Will they pay for it? And how much money can be made by an individual in this manner?</span><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" >” According to his web site, within a few days, Louis had sold enough downloads to recover his production costs plus.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent: .5in;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height:200%;font-size:100%;" >The first people to feel the pinch as technology creates these new openings are not the creative artists, but the people in the middle who have controlled the artists’ access to their audiences. Eventually (and that could mean within the coming decade), most writers will create their work and sell it directly to their audiences either via the Internet or as they speak and/or perform before live groups. Sounds promising to me.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; line-height: normal;"><br /><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidifont-family:";" ></span></strong><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;" ></span></b></p>lady griothttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10148735663974409922noreply@blogger.com0